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Questions and Answers
What are hydrocarbons?
Compounds composed of only carbon and hydrogen.
Which type of hydrocarbons contains only carbon to carbon single bonds?
Unsaturated hydrocarbons are also known as alkynes.
False
An unsaturated hydrocarbon contains at least one ______ bond.
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What happens when hydrocarbons are spilled in the ocean?
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What is the reaction of unsaturated hydrocarbons with bromine?
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What product forms when alkenes react with cold concentrated sulfuric acid?
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What is indicated by the loss of purple color in a reaction with KMnO4?
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What class of hydrocarbons contains a closed loop of electrons?
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A compound with a carbon-carbon triple bond is called an ______.
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Study Notes
Hydrocarbons
- Compounds made up exclusively of carbon (C) and hydrogen (H).
- Classification based on:
- Chain hydrocarbons: Arrangements of carbon atoms in single or branched chains.
- Cyclic hydrocarbons: Carbon atoms linked in closed loops.
- Bonding types between carbons, such as in alkanes.
Saturated vs. Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
- Saturated hydrocarbons (alkanes) contain only single C-C bonds.
- Unsaturated hydrocarbons have at least one multiple bond:
- Double bonds (alkenes) or triple bonds (alkynes).
Alkanes
- Hydrocarbons characterized by single C-C bonds.
- Known as saturated molecules, having maximum hydrogen atoms attached.
Alkenes
- Contain one or more carbon-carbon double bonds.
- Considered unsaturated hydrocarbons.
Alkynes
- Contain at least one carbon-carbon triple bond.
- Classified as unsaturated hydrocarbons.
Aromatic Hydrocarbons
- Feature a closed loop of electrons.
- Typically have distinct stability and reactivity properties.
Oil Spills
- Hydrocarbons do not mix with polar solvents like water; they prefer non-polar environments.
- Lower density causes them to float on water, leading to rapid spreading in spills.
- Crude oil, a complex mixture of hydrocarbons, exacerbates spreading on ocean surfaces.
Reaction with Bromine
- Unsaturated hydrocarbons (alkenes and alkynes) react with bromine, leading to color loss in bromine solution.
- Alkanes show no reaction, maintaining the red color due to only having single bonds.
- Aromatic compounds require a catalyst for reaction with bromine.
Reaction with H2SO4
- Alkenes react with cold concentrated sulfuric acid, producing soluble alkyl sulfuric acids.
- Alkanes are largely unreactive.
- Alkynes react slowly and need a catalyst.
- Aromatic compounds resist addition reactions.
Reaction with KMnO4
- Neutral or alkaline KMnO4 solutions oxidize unsaturated compounds; glycols are produced from alkenes.
- Alkanes and aromatic compounds are typically unreactive.
- A reaction results in the loss of purple color from KMnO4 and the formation of brown MnO2 precipitate.
Studying That Suits You
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Description
Test your knowledge on hydrocarbons with this interactive quiz. Learn the differences between various types of hydrocarbons, including chain and cyclic structures, as well as saturated versus unsaturated forms. Perfect for students studying organic chemistry!
