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Questions and Answers
What is the difference between intracellular and extracellular digestion?
What is the difference between intracellular and extracellular digestion?
Intracellular digestion occurs inside food vacuoles within cells, while extracellular digestion takes place outside of cells.
List the four main steps of digestion and briefly describe each.
List the four main steps of digestion and briefly describe each.
The four main steps are ingestion (eating food), digestion (mechanical and chemical breakdown), absorption (nutrient uptake), and excretion (removal of waste).
What is the function of the crop in earthworms and how does it differ from that in birds?
What is the function of the crop in earthworms and how does it differ from that in birds?
In earthworms, the crop stores soil and moistens food, while in birds, it mainly serves for food storage to aid faster consumption.
Explain the role of the pancreas in the mammal digestive system.
Explain the role of the pancreas in the mammal digestive system.
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Describe the purpose of the spiral valve in a dogfish shark's digestive system.
Describe the purpose of the spiral valve in a dogfish shark's digestive system.
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How does the liver function in digestion for both frogs and pigs?
How does the liver function in digestion for both frogs and pigs?
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What is the function of the gallbladder in mammals?
What is the function of the gallbladder in mammals?
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Compare the digestive systems of sponges and humans regarding the completeness of digestion.
Compare the digestive systems of sponges and humans regarding the completeness of digestion.
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Study Notes
Lab 8: Digestive System
- Intracellular digestion—Process where cells break down and absorb nutrients inside food vacuoles.
- Extracellular digestion—Process of breaking down food outside of cells.
Steps of Digestion
- Ingestion—Eating food.
- Digestion—Mechanical and chemical breakdown of food.
- Absorption—Absorbing nutrients.
- Excretion—Removal of waste.
Crop in Animals
- Earthworm—Storage of soil, moisten food.
- Grasshopper—Storage of food.
- Birds—Food storage, help quicker eating.
Dogfish (Shark)
- Liver—Stores oil to help it float.
- Gall Bladder—Stores bile secreted by the liver.
- Stomach—Stores food; produces acids.
- Spleen—Produces red blood cells.
Pig
- Liver—Produces bile and regulates blood sugar.
- Gall Bladder—Stores bile when not needed.
- Stomach—Storage for food.
- Spleen—Helps the immune system (produces white blood cells).
- Pancreas—Regulates blood sugar, secretes digestive enzymes/hormones.
- Small Intestine—Breaks down food (duodenum, jejunum, ileum).
- Large Intestine—Absorbs nutrients and water (colon, cecum).
- Rectum—Stores waste before excretion.
Frog
- Liver—Produces bile, stores fat.
- Gall Bladder—Stores bile, neutralizes acid.
- Fat Bodies—Provide energy, insulation.
- Small Intestine—Breaks down food, absorbs nutrients.
- Large Intestine—Holds waste, absorbs water.
- Pancreas—Secretes enzymes, hormones.
- Stomach—Stores food, digestive juices.
Mammal Digestive System
- Oral Cavity—Food enters and is broken down by teeth and saliva.
- Esophagus—Connects to the stomach.
- Stomach—Storage, secretes digestive juices, acidic.
- Small Intestine—Digestion of proteins, absorption.
- Large Intestine—Reabsorbs water, processes waste.
- Rectum and Anus—Stores feces, opening where waste leaves.
- Accessory Organs—Gall bladder (stores bile), liver (secretes bile).
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Description
This quiz covers the essential processes of the digestive system, including intracellular and extracellular digestion. Learn about the roles of different digestive organs in various animals such as earthworms, grasshoppers, birds, dogfish, and pigs. Test your knowledge on the steps and functions of digestion.
