Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of implementing HTTPS in the web application?
What is the primary purpose of implementing HTTPS in the web application?
- To secure communications and validate the server (correct)
- To increase the website's loading speed
- To enable user-specific verification
- To change the server's IP address
What does TLS validate during the communication process?
What does TLS validate during the communication process?
- The server's identity (correct)
- The encryption method used
- The client's identity
- Both the client and server's identities
Which of the following is true regarding client validation in HTTPS solutions?
Which of the following is true regarding client validation in HTTPS solutions?
- Clients must always be validated to use HTTPS.
- Only clients with a CA-signed certificate can connect.
- Client validation is optional and typically not needed. (correct)
- Clients are always automatically validated.
What method is suggested for client authentication after a TLS handshake?
What method is suggested for client authentication after a TLS handshake?
In which scenario is it most important to validate the client's identity?
In which scenario is it most important to validate the client's identity?
What kind of certificate will be used for converting the existing website in the lab?
What kind of certificate will be used for converting the existing website in the lab?
What kind of encryption is implied to be used for enhancing security in web communications?
What kind of encryption is implied to be used for enhancing security in web communications?
What is the purpose of modifying your system to use your RULE host as a DNS server?
What is the purpose of modifying your system to use your RULE host as a DNS server?
What needs to be configured on the rule host before modifying the web site to use HTTPS?
What needs to be configured on the rule host before modifying the web site to use HTTPS?
Where can you find the hosts file on a Mac or Linux device?
Where can you find the hosts file on a Mac or Linux device?
What type of certificate must be created for the Pass Task to protect the specified HTTPS site?
What type of certificate must be created for the Pass Task to protect the specified HTTPS site?
Which key does the server application use to encrypt communications with the browser?
Which key does the server application use to encrypt communications with the browser?
Which statement about the use of key pairs in establishing an encrypted channel is correct?
Which statement about the use of key pairs in establishing an encrypted channel is correct?
What might be a workaround for using a RULE host as a DNS server on a Swinburne PC?
What might be a workaround for using a RULE host as a DNS server on a Swinburne PC?
What is needed from the previous labs to create a self-signed certificate?
What is needed from the previous labs to create a self-signed certificate?
What is the correct command to restart the DNS server after making configuration changes?
What is the correct command to restart the DNS server after making configuration changes?
Which algorithm is adapted for establishing an encrypted channel using key pairs?
Which algorithm is adapted for establishing an encrypted channel using key pairs?
Which configuration files need to be modified for the web server?
Which configuration files need to be modified for the web server?
What should be done after modifying configuration files for the web server?
What should be done after modifying configuration files for the web server?
In the httpd-vhosts.conf file, what aspects need to be changed from rule201 to ruleXX?
In the httpd-vhosts.conf file, what aspects need to be changed from rule201 to ruleXX?
What is the purpose of the ErrorLog in the web server configuration?
What is the purpose of the ErrorLog in the web server configuration?
What IP address should all five names resolve to after making the DNS changes?
What IP address should all five names resolve to after making the DNS changes?
What does the CustomLog track in the web server configuration?
What does the CustomLog track in the web server configuration?
What is the first step to take when updating the DNS configuration?
What is the first step to take when updating the DNS configuration?
Where should the site name be encoded in a modern SSL certificate?
Where should the site name be encoded in a modern SSL certificate?
What does the browser TLS implementation check before allowing a connection?
What does the browser TLS implementation check before allowing a connection?
What is the recommended form of the DNS entry in the subjectAltName field for a self-signed certificate?
What is the recommended form of the DNS entry in the subjectAltName field for a self-signed certificate?
What is a critical security practice regarding the installation of private keys?
What is a critical security practice regarding the installation of private keys?
What is the purpose of the Apache SSL module?
What is the purpose of the Apache SSL module?
In which file must the Apache web server be configured to enable SSL?
In which file must the Apache web server be configured to enable SSL?
What must be done after enabling the SSL module for the selfsigned.tne30024 website?
What must be done after enabling the SSL module for the selfsigned.tne30024 website?
What is best practice for storing the certificate on the web server?
What is best practice for storing the certificate on the web server?
What is the first change that needs to be made regarding Apache's configuration?
What is the first change that needs to be made regarding Apache's configuration?
What must be included in the VirtualHost block to enable HTTPS?
What must be included in the VirtualHost block to enable HTTPS?
After making the necessary changes to the configuration, what is the next step?
After making the necessary changes to the configuration, what is the next step?
What does a browser show when visiting a site with a self-signed certificate?
What does a browser show when visiting a site with a self-signed certificate?
What should you expect to see in the browser if the connection is correctly set up but the certificate is untrusted?
What should you expect to see in the browser if the connection is correctly set up but the certificate is untrusted?
What is the function of the DocumentRoot in a VirtualHost configuration?
What is the function of the DocumentRoot in a VirtualHost configuration?
Why is it necessary to accept the risk when visiting a site with a self-signed certificate?
Why is it necessary to accept the risk when visiting a site with a self-signed certificate?
What should be done before confirming encrypted communication using Wireshark?
What should be done before confirming encrypted communication using Wireshark?
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Study Notes
Lab 4 Modifying existing HTTP Website to use HTTPS and encryption
- The goal of this lab is to modify an existing HTTP website to use HTTPS and encrypt all communications.
- The lab uses a self-signed certificate to secure the website.
- HTTPS utilizes TLS as the communication protocol.
HTTPS Communication
- TLS ensures the client is communicating with an authorized entity.
- TLS encrypts communication to prevent unauthorized access.
Server & Client Authentication
- The client does not authenticate itself to the server.
- Client authentication is optional and can be implemented using username/password after the encrypted channel is established.
- When using HTTPS, any client can connect to the server.
Preparation
- The lab uses four websites hosted on a rule host.
- You need to customize the DNS and web server configuration with your rule host number.
- Updating the DNS server and web server configurations requires restarting the respective services.
DNS Config
- Update the DNS configuration files by changing the rule host number (XX) in the files.
- Confirm the DNS configuration changes by performing a DNS lookup on all five names.
- All five names should resolve to the same IP address.
Web Server Config
- Modify the web server configuration files to reflect your rule host number.
- Update the ServerName, ServerAlias, ErrorLog, and CustomLog fields within the VirtualHost block to reflect the corresponding rule host.
- Restart the web server after making changes to the configuration.
Testing Web Server
- Verify all four web sites are accessible by browsing to their URLs.
- You can use either your own device configured with your rule host as a DNS server, or modify your system's hosts file.
Methodology
- Convert https://selfsigned.tne30024 to a HTTPS website protected with a self-signed certificate.
- Verify encryption using Wireshark.
Certificate Creation
- Generate a self-signed certificate and corresponding private key.
- Include the website URL in both the commonName and subjectAltName fields of the certificate.
- Set the subjectAltName field to DNS:selfsigned.tne30024.
Installing the Certificate and Private Key
- Copy or install the certificate and private key files on the rule host in a directory with general access permissions.
- Store the private key in a directory that is not accessible by the browser, to ensure its security.
- Consider hosting the certificate in a dedicated folder for better organization.
Modifying the Web Site
- Enable the Apache SSL module in the /usr/local/etc/apache24/httpd.conf file.
- Reconfigure the selfsigned.tne30024 website in the /usr/local/etc/apache24/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf file.
- Configure the selfsigned.tne30024 VirtualHost block to accept connections on port 443.
- Specify the location of the certificate and private key in the VirtualHost block.
Testing the Solution
- Browse to the new HTTPS website (https://selfsigned.tne30024).
- Accept the security risk of an untrusted certificate and verify the website is displayed with a red broken padlock.
- Review the certificate details to confirm its validity.
- Reload the website while Wireshark is running to verify encrypted communication between the browser and your rule host.
- Use the automated marking script at http://ruleprimary1.caia.swin.edu.au/tne30024.php for evaluation if unable to use a browser.
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