8 Questions
What is the primary aim of distillation?
To determine the boiling point of a substance.
Which type of distillation is used for the separation of liquids with high boiling points or those that are unstable to heat?
Vacuum distillation
What is the main difference between simple distillation and fractional distillation?
The boiling point range of the liquids being separated.
What is the purpose of steam distillation?
To separate water immiscible compounds from non-volatile tarry products.
What is the main advantage of vacuum distillation?
It lowers the boiling point of the substance being distilled.
What is fractional distillation used for?
To separate mixtures with components that have boiling points that differ by only a few degrees.
What is the basic principle of distillation?
The difference in boiling points of the components.
What is the result of distillation?
A pure compound with a specific boiling point.
Study Notes
Distillation
- Distillation is a method of separating components from a liquid mixture based on differences in boiling points and distribution between liquid and gas phases.
Aim of Distillation
- Purify liquid organic substances
- Determine the boiling point
- Separate liquid organic substances from each other or from a solid compound
Types of Distillation
- Simple distillation: used for separation of liquids with boiling points between 30°C to 150°C, stable to heat
- Vacuum distillation (Distillation under reduced pressure): used for separation of liquids with high boiling points or unstable to heat
- Steam distillation: used for separation of water immiscible compounds of low volatility from non-volatile tarry products
- Fractional distillation: used to separate mixtures with components having boiling points differing by only a few degrees, employs a fractionating column
Additional Facts
- Distillation can be used for purification of liquid organic compounds by conversion to the vapor state with heat and subsequent condensation to the liquid state
- Fractional distillation involves collecting separate fractions according to controlled boiling ranges during the distillation of a mixture of substances
This quiz covers the concept of distillation, a method of separation of components from a liquid mixture based on differences in boiling points and distributions between liquid and gas phases.
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