Chemistry Separation Techniques Quiz

Classroom Rules

• Listen when someone is speaking
• Participate in class activities

Density

• Density is a unique property of each substance
• It can be calculated as mass divided by volume
• Density is useful for identifying substances; gold is denser than aluminum

Magnetism

• Magnetism can be used to separate iron from a mixture
• Iron is magnetic, while sulfur is not
• A magnet can pull out the iron particles, leaving the sulfur behind

Chromatography

• Chromatography separates substances based on their solubility and interaction with a stationary phase
• Differences in how they move through a medium (based on their solubility and affinity to the stationary and mobile phases) allows for the separation of substances

Boiling Point vs. Filtration

• Boiling point is a unique property used to identify substances
• Filtration is a method used to separate mixtures by removing insoluble solids

Solubility vs. Density

• Density depends on mass and volume
• Solubility is determined by the interaction of a solute with a solvent and can change with temperature

Magnetism vs. Chromatography

• Magnetism is used to separate iron from mixtures
• Chromatography is used to separate pigments or dyes in mixtures

Evaporation vs. Distillation

• Evaporation involves a liquid turning into a vapor
• Distillation involves both evaporation and condensation to separate substances based on boiling points

Hardness vs. Solubility

• Hardness helps identify minerals by testing their resistance to scratching
• Solubility helps separate components in a mixture based on their ability to dissolve in a solvent

Learning Competency

• Use properties of matter to identify substances and separate them

Objective

• Explain properties of liquids and solids using the kinetic molecular model
• Apply the correct separation technique based on matter properties in a given mixture
• Analyze the use of these techniques in real-world scenarios (chemical analysis, water purification, etc.)

Introduction to Matter

• Matter has mass and occupies space
• Matter is composed of elements, compounds, and mixtures
• Physical vs. chemical properties are characteristics of matter

Physical vs. Chemical Properties

• Physical properties are observed without changing the substance

• Chemical properties describe substances' ability to change into different substances

• Examples of Physical Properties: luster, hardness, ductility, malleable, melting point, density

• Examples of Chemical Properties: flammable, radioactive, corrosive, toxic, reactivity, pH

• Intensive vs extensive properties: Intensive properties don't depend on the amount of matter in a sample, while extensive properties depend on the amount of matter in the sample

Comparison Table of Physical vs. Chemical Properties

• Physical properties are characteristics of a substance and are observed without changing it
• Chemical properties describe a substance's ability to change into different substances, observed when substances interact

Identifying Substances Based on Physical Properties

• Solubility (e.g., sugar dissolving in water)
• Melting and boiling points (e.g., identifying water from ethanol)
• Density

Techniques for Separating Substances

• Filtration: separating solids from liquids
• Distillation: separating substances with different boiling points
• Chromatography: separating based on solubility
• Magnetic separation: for magnetic materials
• Decantation: separating liquids and solids

Chemical Separation Methods

• Reactivity with acids to isolate metals
• Electrolysis to break down compounds
• When physical methods are insufficient, chemical methods may be used.

Real-Life Applications

• Water purification
• Recycling materials
• Forensic analysis (e.g., chromatography for detecting substances)
• Household sand filtration

Questions and Discussion

• Separating oil and water using properties such as density

• Identifying unknown substances using physical properties

• Questions about properties of matter and separation techniques:

  • Which property separates sand and water? (Filtration)
  • What property is used to identify resistance to scratching? (Hardness)
  • Which technique uses boiling points to separate substances? (Distillation)
  • What can you infer if a substance sinks in water? (Higher density than water)
  • What property is most useful for identifying a substance? (Boiling point)
  • What is the main property used in chromatography? (Solubility and interaction with the stationary phase)
  • Which method separates salt and water? (Evaporation)
  • Which tool best separates iron fillings from a mixture? (Magnet)
  • What happens to most solid solubility in water as the temperature increases? (Increases)
  • Which method recovers pure water from saltwater? (Distillation)