TRENDS CH. 15

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Questions and Answers

How does managed care affect the economics of health care delivery?

  • Provides incentives for smaller private or individual hospitals
  • Uses corporate economics to achieve a profit
  • Care is paid for at a prearranged rate (correct)
  • Increases the tax base for the community

Which statement regarding characteristics of clinical pathways shows the nurse's lack of understanding?

  • "Clinical pathways use a timeline with sequenced interventions."
  • "Clinical pathways focus on patient outcomes."
  • "Clinical pathways collaborate efforts by health care professionals."
  • "Clinical pathways involve nurse-centered orientation." (correct)

Which statement shows the nurse's understanding of patient-focused care?

  • "Patient-focused care is a clinical pathway within an institution."
  • "Patient-focused care is a nursing care delivery system." (correct)
  • "Patient-focused care is an institutional value and philosophy."
  • "Patient-focused care is a model for a health care organization."

Which statement by the nurse manager is inaccurate regarding the forces of magnetism? "Forces of magnetism include

<p>cost reduction and sound budgets.&quot; (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nurse manager is training a new hire. Which statement shows an understanding of functional nursing?

<p>&quot;Functional nursing is organized around tasks.&quot; (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements shows the nurse's understanding of primary nursing?

<p>&quot;Includes only one nurse planning care for the patient&quot; (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true about case management?

<p>It helps clients to achieve goals effectively and efficiently. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nurse is interested in case management. Which statement indicates an understanding of the primary work environment of case managers?

<p>&quot;All types of health care organizations hire case managers.&quot; (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true about patient classification systems?

<p>They determine how many nurses are needed in a unit at any one time. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the concept of evidence-based practice?

<p>It provides for the use of recent research in current nursing practice. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A female patient is admitted to the labor and delivery unit, where she is assigned to a registered nurse who will manage her care for the duration of her hospitalization. What type of nursing care delivery model is represented in this nursing unit?

<p>Primary care (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The nurse is reviewing the upcoming discharges. Which patient would a case manager be assigned to?

<p>A 60-year-old man post sepsis, in need of nursing home placement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about evidence-based practice shows that the nurse has an adequate understanding?

<p>&quot;Evidence-based practice is the use of current best evidence in making decisions about patient care.&quot; (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A new nurse is determining which hospital to apply for. The nurse has heard a lot about magnet hospitals from friends, who are nurses, and knows that working for a magnet hospital would mean that

<p>the nurse would likely experience high job satisfaction. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The nurse assesses the quality of patient care to be higher in the Total Patient Care model because

<p>nurses are able to focus all of their care on one patient. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nurse has been assigned as team leader for the day and is working with two LPNs and two unlicensed personnel. What should the nurse do to ensure success in caring for patients?

<p>Continuously communicate with the members of the team throughout the entire day. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The nurse has an adequate understanding of patient-focused care when stating which of the following?

<p>&quot;In patient-focused care, the nurse supervises the delivery of care.&quot; (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of nursing delivery models would be appropriate in a rural area that would require fewer numbers of registered nurses? (Select all that apply.)

<p>Patient-focused care (B), Team nursing (D), Functional nursing (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The nurse understands cost containment when stating which of the following? Major elements of the law that support cost containment include (Select all that apply.)

<p>&quot;increasing incentives for coordination of care.&quot; (A), &quot;increased governmental regulation of insurers.&quot; (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which actions can the hospital administrator take to reduce health care costs? (Select all that apply.)

<p>Ensure that appropriate staff is available. (A), Encourage the use of evidence-based practice. (B), Hire case managers to see all patients who have extensive medical needs. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statements by the nurse indicate the understanding of the case manager's role? The case manager (Select all that apply.)

<p>&quot;collaborates with the health care team.&quot; (A), &quot;coordinates care for the patient.&quot; (B), &quot;guides patients through the health care delivery process.&quot; (D), &quot;assists patients in achieving goals effectively and efficiently.&quot; (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The nurse judges that the disease management program has been successful when the patient (Select all that apply.)

<p>can state how to manage his/her chronic condition. (B), can state how to avoid worsening of health. (C), assumes responsibility for his/her own health. (D), learns how to maintain good health. (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which actions can hospitals take to retain nurses in light of the current and projected nursing shortage? (Select all that apply.)

<p>Create a health care system that supports nursing advancement. (A), Encourage a work environment that fosters work group cohesion. (C), Allow nurses to have autonomy. (D), Allow nurses a variety of specialties to choose from. (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What actions can the hospital Chief Nursing Officer take to decrease staff nurse turnover? (Select all that apply.)

<p>Create a nurse residency program (A), Research attaining magnet status (B), Allow scheduling flexibility (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The nursing manager explains value-based care with which statements? (Select all that apply.)

<p>Should provide elimination or reduction in adverse events. (A), Reimbursement for care is based on patient outcomes. (C), It focuses on using an evidence-based approach to care. (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Managed Care

Care paid at a prearranged rate, reducing healthcare costs by avoiding billed rates.

Clinical Pathways

Interdisciplinary plans outlining optimal intervention sequencing and timing for specific conditions or procedures.

Patient-Focused Care

Delivery system focused on centralizing functions and cross-training staff to increase productivity and reduce patient contact.

Forces of Magnetism

Attributes that attract and retain nurses. Includes professional models of care.

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Functional Nursing

Nursing care is broken into tasks performed by different individuals, leading to fragmented care.

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Primary Nursing

One nurse is accountable for planning patient care over a 24-hour period, fostering continuous care.

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Case Management

Helping clients effectively and efficiently achieve goals through coordination and cost-effective strategies.

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Patient Classification Systems

Used to estimate nursing care intensity required to meet patient needs.

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Evidence-Based Practice

Using current best evidence to guide patient care decisions and practices.

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Primary Care Nursing

Where the nurse is the primary manager and coordinator of patient care.

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Case Manager Role

The nurse is responsible for managing and coordinating care for patients with complex healthcare needs.

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Disease Management Program Success

The patient assumes responsibility, knows how to maintain/manage their health.

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Retaining Nurses

Involves creating a supportive system for advancement, fostering work cohesion, and allowing nurses autonomy and flexibility.

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Value-Based Care

Bases payment on patient outcomes, uses evidence-based care, and reduces adverse events.

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Study Notes

Managed Care Economics

  • Managed care pays for care at a prearranged rate, aiming to lower healthcare costs
  • It doesn't raise the community tax base since patients and insurers cover costs
  • Managed care favors larger hospitals/corporations and reduces service duplication

Clinical Pathways

  • Clinical pathways are interdisciplinary care plans with optimal intervention sequencing and timing for specific diagnoses, procedures, or symptoms
  • Clinical pathways are not nurse-centered

Patient-Focused Care

  • Patient-focused care centralizes functions like phlebotomy and respiratory therapy on the unit under a nurse's direction
  • It involves cross-training ancillary workers and reduces the number of people a patient interacts with

Forces of Magnetism

  • Forces of magnetism encompass professional care models, consultation, resources, and nurses as educators
  • They do not include cost reduction and sound budgets

Functional Nursing

  • Functional nursing divides care into tasks performed by different personnel, resulting in fragmented care
  • Aides, vocational nurses, and LPNs can perform specific functions

Primary Nursing

  • Primary nursing assigns one nurse to plan care for a patient over a 24-hour period
  • It eliminates fragmentation between shifts and nurses

Case Management

  • Case management reduces costs and ensures care coordination
  • Its goal is to assist clients in achieving goals and it also involves cost control, but may not always provide direct patient care
  • Multiple health team members are often involved

Work Environment of Case Managers

  • Case managers work in various healthcare settings, including acute care, rehab, and outpatient facilities
  • They may work for insurance companies or in health-related areas of large businesses
  • Registered nurses, social workers, and therapists can be case managers
  • Essential skills include communication, critical thinking, negotiation, and collaboration skills

Patient Classification Systems

  • Patient classification systems estimate the intensity of nursing care needed in acute care hospitals, based on patient needs
  • These systems do not measure all patient needs, provide absolute staffing formulas, or make patient assignments

Evidence-Based Practice (EBP)

  • EBP uses current best evidence to inform care and decision-making
  • IOM reported that it took 17 years for research to be reflected in daily practice
  • EBP is not designed for cost containment or reimbursement determination by external entities

Primary Care Nursing (Example)

  • In primary care, a single nurse manages and coordinates patient care around the clock
  • Patient-focused care takes an interdisciplinary approach
  • Functional care involves care from nursing and ancillary staff
  • Case management coordinates care, especially for patients with complicated healthcare needs, the nurse case manager coordinates and collaborates with other health services

Case Manager Assignment Criteria

  • Case managers are involved when patients have complicated, expensive care or are treated by multiple providers
  • They help transition care, for example moving over to a nursing home

Understanding of Evidence-Based Practice

  • Evidence-based practice is using current best evidence when making decisions about patient care

Magnet Hospitals

  • Magnet hospitals attract and retain nurses due to high job satisfaction rates
  • These hospitals have low turnover and vacancy rates

Total Patient Care Model

  • The total Patient Care model that has higher quality because nurses focus all their care on one patient

Nurse's Role as a Team Leader

  • Nurses should communicate with team members continuously, updating them on patient status and plan of care

Adequate Understanding of Patient-Focused Care

  • Nurses supervise the delivery of care

Rural Nursing Delivery Models

  • Functional nursing, team nursing, and patient-focused care are suitable for rural areas
  • Because they require fewer registered nurses.
  • These models effectively utilize ancillary staff

Cost Containment Elements in Law

  • Cost containment is supported by increased government regulation of insurers
  • The cost containment also includes increased incentives for care coordination

Hospital Administrator Actions to Reduce Healthcare Costs

  • Hiring case managers
  • Ensuring appropriate staffing
  • Encouraging evidence-based practice

Nurse Case Manager Role

  • The case manager guides patients through the healthcare delivery process
  • The case manager Coordinates care and helps patients achieve goals efficiently, also collaborating with the healthcare team

Successful Disease Management Program

  • Disease management programs the patients assume health responsibility, maintain good health, manage conditions, and prevent worsening.

Hospital Actions to Retain Nurses

  • Healthcare systems should support advancement, foster cohesion, allow autonomy, and offer varied specialties

Chief Nursing Officer (CNO) Actions for Decreased Staff Turnover

  • Actions for decreasing staff turnover include nurse residency programs, magnet status, and scheduling flexibility

Value-Based Care

  • Value-based care has reimbursement based on patient outcomes, uses evidence-based approaches, and it aims for reduced adverse events

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