Korean History Chapter 1 Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What materials were used in the armor of horse-riding warriors in East Asia during the fourth and fifth centuries?

The armor was made from bone and iron.

Which three kingdoms were involved in the warrior culture described?

The three kingdoms are Koguryo, Paekche, and Kaya.

What artistic style is evident in the tomb paintings of the Koguryo period?

The artistic style shows less Chinese influence and shares traits with Central Asian art.

What is the significance of the Tomb of the Twin Pillars in understanding Koguryo society?

It provides depictions of social interactions and activities among the upper class. Signup and view all the answers

Which animals are depicted in the Tomb of the Four Spirits, and what might their significance be?

The animals include a dragon, tiger, phoenix, tortoise, and snake, likely symbolizing religious and cosmological beliefs. Signup and view all the answers

What does the Koguryo tomb paintings' lack of Buddhist influence indicate about the era's cultural priorities?

It suggests that Koguryo culture placed more emphasis on native traditions and possibly shamanistic beliefs. Signup and view all the answers

Who is the most renowned musician from Koguryo, and what instrument did he master?

The most renowned musician is Wang San-ak, who mastered the hyõnhakkŭm. Signup and view all the answers

What major historical factor contributed to the rise of Koguryo?

The decline of Chinese power in the region created a power vacuum that Koguryo was able to exploit. Signup and view all the answers

What type of activities do the murals in Koguryo tombs suggest were valued in their warrior aristocracy?

The murals suggest that horse-riding, hunting, wrestling, and warfare were valued activities. Signup and view all the answers

Who are traditionally credited with founding the Paekche kingdom?

The kingdom was founded by the two sons of Chumong, Onjo and Piryu. Signup and view all the answers

What significant diplomatic action did Paekche take during Kunch'ogo's reign?

Paekche inaugurated diplomatic relations with the Chinese state of Jin in 372. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the location of Paekche's first capital.

The first capital of Paekche was Hansõng, believed to be located in the Han River area. Signup and view all the answers

How did the ethnic composition of Paekche differ from that of Koguryo?

Inhabitants of Paekche were probably ethnically and linguistically Han, while Koguryo had different ethnic roots. Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the Chinese divide-and-rule policy on Korean states?

The policy attempted to weaken local chieftains' power, contributing to their eventual decline as Chinese authority crumbled. Signup and view all the answers

What evidence suggests a link between Paekche and the Manchurian Puyō people?

Historians assume Paekche grew out of one of the guo mentioned in the Sanguozhi, possibly influenced by Manchurian Puyō migrations. Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the rise of the Paekche kingdom in relation to Chinese power?

The rise of Paekche coincided with the collapse of Chinese power, allowing it to take advantage of the resulting power vacuum. Signup and view all the answers

What geological factor may have contributed to the similarities between the tombs of Paekche and Koguryo?

The geographical proximity of Paekche to Koguryo likely contributed to the similarities between their tombs. Signup and view all the answers

What architectural feature characterized the large mounded tombs of Paekche by the fifth century?

These tombs featured horizontal passageways leading to stone-walled, high-ceilinged burial chambers. Signup and view all the answers

What significant archaeological find in the 1970s provided insight into Paekche culture?

The undisturbed Tomb of Muryong near Kongju offered a glimpse into the splendid culture of Paekche. Signup and view all the answers

How do Paekche tomb murals differ from those of Koguryo?

Paekche murals are more refined and less animated compared to those of Koguryo. Signup and view all the answers

What is considered the cultural high point of the Paekche kingdom?

The reign of King Song (r. 523-553) is regarded as the cultural high point of Paekche. Signup and view all the answers

What role did Buddhism play in the Paekche kingdom?

Buddhism served as a state-protective cult patronized by the court in Paekche. Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary focus of the Vinaya form of Buddhism in the early Korean period?

The Vinaya emphasized monastic discipline and systematic organization of Buddhist practices. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the Nine Story Wooden Pagoda in the context of Paekche architecture?

The Nine Story Wooden Pagoda, built by master craftsman Abiji, was highly regarded before its destruction during the Mongol invasion. Signup and view all the answers

What significant change in belief did the Silla kingdom adopt under King Põphũng?

Silla adopted Buddhism as a major belief system. Signup and view all the answers

How did the martyrdom of Ich'adon influence the Silla kings' acceptance of Buddhism?

Ich'adon's martyrdom led to a set of miracles that prompted the Silla king to convert to Buddhism. Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the administrative law code issued during Põphùng's reign?

The code aimed to establish a structured government and enhance the monarchy's power. Signup and view all the answers

What does the kolp'um, or bone-rank system, signify in Silla's social structure?

The kolp'um system defined social hierarchy and status within the Silla kingdom. Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of Põphùng adopting a Chinese-style era name?

Adopting an era name indicated the Silla king's potential equality with the Chinese emperor. Signup and view all the answers

Why was Buddhism considered important for the Silla monarchy?

Buddhism provided religious sanction and enhanced the majesty of the royal house. Signup and view all the answers

How was Silla's resistance to Buddhism indicative of its indigenous culture?

Silla resisted Buddhism longer than Koguryo and Paekche, showing strong local traditions. Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of Põphùng's military campaigns in 532?

Põphùng expanded Silla's territory by conquering the Kaya state of Pon Kaya. Signup and view all the answers

What geographical area was the nucleus of the Silla state?

The nucleus of the Silla state was the Kyongju basin. Signup and view all the answers

Who is traditionally credited with founding the Silla state, and in what year?

Pak Hyökköse is traditionally credited with founding the Silla state in 57 BCE. Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the date 57 BCE for Silla historians?

The date 57 BCE was significant because it established Silla as older than its neighboring states of Koguryo and Paekche. Signup and view all the answers

What does the legend suggest about the formation of Saro and its leadership?

The legend suggests that Saro was formed by a voluntary union of six villages led by headmen who chose their leader, Pak Hyökköse. Signup and view all the answers

Which families supplied rulers to the Silla state, and which was the primary ruling family?

The Sök and Kim families supplied rulers, with the Kim family being the primary ruling family from the fourth century onward. Signup and view all the answers

What unique element did both Pak Hyökköse and the Sök founder share in their origin stories?

Both Pak Hyökköse and the Sök founder were said to have been born from an egg. Signup and view all the answers

What was the likely purpose of attributing a supernatural birth to Silla's rulers?

Attributing a supernatural birth helped justify the elevated status of later rulers, linking them to extraordinary origins. Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of Silla's governmental structure is highlighted through its early legends?

The legends highlight a collaborative and unified approach to leadership among the early villages. Signup and view all the answers

What significant military action did Chinhũng undertake against Paekche?

Chinhũng attacked Paekche, culminating in the battle of Kwansan in 554, where King Sõng perished. Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of Chinhũng's conquest of the Han River basin?

The Han River basin became part of Silla, providing access to the Yellow Sea and enhancing agricultural wealth. Signup and view all the answers

Which states did Silla force out of the Han Valley between 551 and 554?

Silla, along with its ally Paekche, drove Koguryo out of the Han Valley. Signup and view all the answers

What were the Four Chinhgung Stelae, and why were they important?

The Four Chinhgung Stelae were erected to celebrate Chinhũng's military triumphs and are among the earliest Sillan written documents. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the bone-rank system in Silla and its significance.

The bone-rank system was a hierarchical ranking based on hereditary bloodlines, conferring privileges for office and material possessions. Signup and view all the answers

Who were the top two bone-ranks in the Silla hierarchy?

The top two bone-ranks were the sõnggol (sacred bone) and the chin'gol (true bone). Signup and view all the answers

What was the HwaBaek and its role in Silla's governance?

The Hwabaek was the Council of Notables that advised the monarchy and played a role in governance. Signup and view all the answers

What role did the hwarang play in Silla society?

The hwarang, or 'flower boys', were an elite group of youthful warriors and leaders in Silla society. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Chapter 1

Tan'gun, considered the first Korean and/or founder of the first Korean state, was said to have established the state of Choson on October 3, 2333 BCE.
This date is a national holiday in South Korea.
Koreans often refer to a "5,000 years of Korean history."
A bear and a tiger, living in the same cave, prayed for human form, eating mugworts and avoiding sunlight for 100 days, to achieve this. A bear succeeded becoming a woman, the tiger did not. The bear woman, unable to find a partner, was impregnated by the mythical Tan'gun.

The Period of the Three Kingdoms

The 4th century to 676 saw important changes in terms of peoples, polities, and imperial outposts.
Koguryo, Paekche, and Silla were the three main states, with Kaya and Puyo as additional states in the southeast that failed to consolidate.
Kaya was swallowed by the northern neighbor Silla in 562 CE.
Puyo disappeared in 494 CE.
Silla and its Chinese ally conquered Paekche in 660 CE.
Silla and the Chinese destroyed Koguryo in 668 CE.
Silla emerged as the sole peninsular power by 676 CE.
Traditional founding dates for the kingdoms are: Silla - 57 BCE, Koguryo - 37 BCE, Paekche - 18 BCE.

Emergence of the Three Kingdoms

Koguryo, a branch of the Puyo, resided in the Hun River Basin.
Its early form was a tribal federation.
From 12 - 207 CE, it was independent of China, notable for frequent raids on neighbors.
Koguryo relocated to the Yalu valley in 207 CE.
Koguryo built a stone-walled capital at Hwando, expanding to the mouth of the Yalu river
Paekche, founded in 18 BCE, originated from the Mahan area in the southwestern part of Korea in land provided by the Lord of Mahan.
Paekche's first capital was Hansong.
Silla emerged from the Kyongju basin, a small fertile area sheltered by surrounding hills
Silla was founded in 57 BCE
Silla's core was in the Saro region, made up of six villages. The founder, Pak Hyökköse, was believed to have been born from an egg and ruled the six villages.

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Description

Explore the beginnings of Korean history with this quiz covering Tan'gun and the establishment of the Choson state. Delve into the Period of the Three Kingdoms, focusing on the key states and their dynasties. Test your knowledge of the legends and historical transitions in early Korea.