Комп'ютерне обладнання та компоненти

Computer Hardware and Components

• Memory Modules (RAM): DDR4 is a type of RAM used to install memory modules.
• KVM Switches: Allow one set of keyboard, mouse, and monitor to control multiple computers.
• LoJack Configuration: Enabled in the BIOS.
• SDRAM: Can process instructions in parallel.
• Capacitors: Found on the motherboard to troubleshoot random reboots.
• Thin Clients: Need connection to an application server, unlike thick clients.
• RG-6 Cable: Used for cable TV cabling.
• Hard Drive Issues: Ensure data and power cables are connected, and the drive port is enabled in the BIOS.
• NVMe M.2 Drives: Connect directly to the PCIe bus and are reliable.
• Graphics Issues: Possible causes include loose video cables and GPU overheating.
• Computer System Components: A dedicated video card and SSD are suitable for light to medium graphics, programming, and gaming.
• RAID Drive: A 3.5-inch 15K drive meets the criteria of being magnetic, fast, and fitting a standard tower case.
• Dual-Channel Memory: Motherboard uses two black and two blue memory slots for dual-channel memory.
• Form Factor: Refers to the size, shape, and layout of computer components (case, motherboard, power supplies).
• Electrical Units: Volts measure the work to move a charge, ohms measure resistance, amps measure electron flow, and watts measure work per second in electrical current.
• CPU (Central Processing Unit): The brain of the computer.
• RAM (Random Access Memory): Temporary storage for data and programs.
• ROM (Read Only Memory): Stores basic operational instructions for booting.
• RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks): Provides redundancy and fault tolerance.
• Solid State Drives (SSD): Replace magnetic drives for permanent storage.
• Hard Disk Drives (HDD): Magnetic storage for permanent data.

Thin and Thick Clients

• Thin Clients: Rely on a central server for data and processing.
• Thick Clients: Operate independently with local processing resources.

Other Components and Configurations

• Motherboard: Main circuit board with all components connecting to it.
• Chipset: Controls system hardware interaction with the CPU and motherboard.
• ESD (Electrostatic Discharge): Sudden discharge of static electricity.
• EMI (Electromagnetic Interference): Disturbance affecting electrical signals.
• Brownout: Voltage drop below 80% of normal.
• Power Surge: Significant increase in voltage.
• UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply): Provides secondary power to devices.
• MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet): Provides information on handling, fire hazards, and safety.
• Toner Generator and Probe: Identifies individual wires within a cable circuit using a tone.
• Maintenance: History of repairs includes problems, actions, parts, and customer information.
• ESD Protection: Antistatic wrist straps and mats eliminate static electricity.
• Troubleshooting Tools: Power supply tester, cable tester, multimeter (measure voltage, current, etc.) are tools used for troubleshooting.
• Disk Management: Windows utility to manage storage devices, partitions, and formatting.
• System File Checker: Scans and replaces corrupt operating system files.
• BIOS (Basic Input/Output System): Firmware used during PC boot process.
• UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface): Replacing BIOS, sits between the operating system and system firmware.
• Virtualization: Allows running multiple operating systems simultaneously.
• TPM (Trusted Platform Module): Stores security keys and passwords.

PC Components and Functions

• Heat Sink: Draws heat away from a processor.
• POST (Power-On Self-Test): Startup test of hardware.
• Boot Order: BIOS setting for bootable partitions/devices.
• LoJack: BIOS setting to locate lost devices.
• Secure Boot: Prevents untrusted operating systems from loading.
• CMOS (Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor): Stores BIOS settings.
• NIC (Network Interface Card): Enables PC connection to a local area network.
• PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect): Older expansion slot for attaching hardware.
• FireWire/Thunderbolt: External I/O ports for connecting digital devices.
• SATA (Serial Advanced Technology Attachment): Connects internal drives to the motherboard.
• Clock Speed: Modifiable BIOS setting for CPU speed.
• System Tools: Event Viewer (logs errors), Device Manager (checks hardware), Task Manager (monitors performance).

Troubleshooting and Maintenance

• Beep Codes: POST-generated information for troubleshooting.
• Conversation Etiquette: Professionalism expected in technical communication.
• Backup: Copy of hard drive information.
• Preventive Maintenance: Regular maintenance to extend PC lifespan.
• Documentation: Final step of a PC repair, including a summary of the procedure.
• Troubleshooting: Systematic process to identify and fix computer system problems.
• Diagnostic Tools: Software used in troubleshooting.
• Liability Release: Waiver of responsibility for data loss.
• ESD Vacuum Cleaner: Low airflow device for removing dust.
• Problem Identification: First step in troubleshooting.

Additional Clarification

• Specific Cable Types: Straight-through cables connect devices to a wired network.
• Multiple Hard Drives: Used in configuration for RAID, increasing storage capacity or redundancy.
• Adapters: Converts one type of connector (e.g., DVI to VGA).
• Choosing Components: DDR3 and DDR4 RAM types are used to install memory modules, for example. External screws are used for installing power supplies. Different connectors have different functions.