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Questions and Answers
What defines the Preconventional Level in Kohlberg's theory of moral development?
What defines the Preconventional Level in Kohlberg's theory of moral development?
- A commitment to universal ethical principles.
- A focus on societal laws and social order.
- A focus on maintaining interpersonal relationships.
- A focus on individual interests and rewards. (correct)
Which stage involves individuals obeying rules primarily to avoid punishment?
Which stage involves individuals obeying rules primarily to avoid punishment?
- Stage 3: Interpersonal Acceptance Orientation
- Stage 2: Instrumental and Hedonistic Orientation
- Stage 4: Law and Order Orientation
- Stage 1: Punishment and Obedience Orientation (correct)
What is a key feature of the Stage 5 in Kohlberg's theory?
What is a key feature of the Stage 5 in Kohlberg's theory?
- Recognition of laws as relative and changeable. (correct)
- Adherence to strict laws as essential for order.
- Acceptance of punishment as necessary for moral behavior.
- Emphasis on interpersonal loyalty and trust.
At which stage do individuals primarily value trust, caring, and loyalty?
At which stage do individuals primarily value trust, caring, and loyalty?
What characterizes the Postconventional Level of moral development?
What characterizes the Postconventional Level of moral development?
Which stage reflects the belief that laws should be followed to maintain social order?
Which stage reflects the belief that laws should be followed to maintain social order?
What is the primary motivation for individuals at Stage 2 of moral development?
What is the primary motivation for individuals at Stage 2 of moral development?
In which stage do individuals act based on self-chosen ethical principles?
In which stage do individuals act based on self-chosen ethical principles?
What aspect of moral reasoning is emphasized by Kohlberg's theory?
What aspect of moral reasoning is emphasized by Kohlberg's theory?
What defines the relationship between individual and society in Kohlberg's moral development theory?
What defines the relationship between individual and society in Kohlberg's moral development theory?
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Study Notes
Lawrence Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development
- American psychologist known for his influential work on moral reasoning.
- Theory consists of three main levels, each divided into two stages, detailing the evolution of moral reasoning in relation to society.
Preconventional Level
- Stage 1: Punishment and Obedience Orientation
- Individuals focus on avoiding punishment.
- Moral decisions are driven by the consequences of actions.
- Stage 2: Instrumental and Hedonistic Orientation
- Actions are based on self-interest and personal gain.
- Individuals seek rewards and benefits for themselves.
Conventional Level
- Stage 3: Interpersonal Acceptance Orientation
- Emphasis on maintaining good relationships.
- Individuals value trust, caring, and receiving approval from others.
- Stage 4: Law and Order Orientation
- Belief in the importance of social order and adherence to rules.
- Individuals view laws as essential for the stability and functionality of society.
Postconventional Level
- Stage 5: Social Contracts and Utilitarian Orientation
- Recognition that laws can be changed if they do not contribute to the greater good.
- Values include community welfare and individual rights.
- Stage 6: Universal Ethical Principles Orientation
- Individuals adhere to self-chosen ethical principles, such as justice and equality.
- Moral decisions are guided by universal values, even in conflict with established laws.
Key Concepts
- Moral development is a gradual process influenced by cognitive growth and social experiences.
- Critical thinking and reasoning play significant roles in moral decision-making.
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