Knowledge Management and Organizational Learning
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Questions and Answers

What are the key differences between tacit and explicit knowledge?

  • Tacit knowledge is easy to articulate while explicit knowledge is not.
  • Explicit knowledge can be easily communicated but not tacit knowledge.
  • Tacit knowledge is acquired through experience while explicit knowledge is documented through training. (correct)
  • Tacit knowledge is more practical, while explicit knowledge is more analytical.
  • What is the role of knowledge management systems in businesses?

  • To automate business processes and improve efficiency.
  • To collect and organize data for business intelligence.
  • To track and manage employee performance.
  • To facilitate collaborative work and knowledge sharing. (correct)
  • How does Natural Language Processing (NLP) work?

  • NLP programs convert natural language directly into machine language.
  • NLP algorithms use machine learning to analyze and understand natural language. (correct)
  • NLP programs rely on human intervention to interpret natural language.
  • NLP programs use a set of predefined rules to analyze language.
  • How does NLP improve interactions in a customer service context?

    <p>By identifying the customer's needs and suggesting optimal responses. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of computer vision systems?

    <p>To analyze and interpret images to extract information. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of image understanding in computer vision systems?

    <p>To understand the context and meaning behind the images. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of an application using natural language processing?

    <p>Spam filtering in email services. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an application of artificial intelligence discussed in the text?

    <p>Self-driving cars. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of Facebook's DeepFace technology?

    <p>To improve the accuracy of Facebook's existing facial recognition capabilities. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an application of computer vision systems mentioned in the text?

    <p>Predicting weather patterns. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the use of computer vision technology in tumor evaluation at AUMC differ from traditional methods?

    <p>It provides a more comprehensive analysis by considering tumor volume and 3D representation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key benefit of using robotic technology in dangerous environments?

    <p>Robots can operate in environments that are hazardous to humans. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following industries has the most widespread application of robotic technology, according to the text?

    <p>Manufacturing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of robots as described in the text?

    <p>They are programmed to perform specific actions automatically. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of using AI models in tumor evaluation, according to the text?

    <p>They can provide doctors with a more accurate assessment of tumor characteristics. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common application of robotic technology, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Space exploration. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of a parameterized report?

    <p>It allows users to filter data based on specific criteria. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A daily sales report falls under which type of report?

    <p>Production report (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these would be a potential use of data from the Internet of Things (IoT) for a business?

    <p>Predicting customer demand based on real-time sensor data (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is a key difference between a Transaction Processing System (TPS) and a Management Information System (MIS)?

    <p>TPS processes data for specific tasks, while MIS provides a broad overview of business operations. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of management information systems (MIS), what does "management filter" refer to?

    <p>The process of selecting relevant information and discarding irrelevant information for decision-making. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the use of a "management filter" by managers?

    <p>Focusing on sales numbers from a particular product line to decide on marketing strategies. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a production report commonly generated by a sales department?

    <p>Quarterly sales forecast report (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the classical model of management, what are the five roles of management?

    <p>Planning, Organizing, Directing, Staffing, Controlling (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key benefit of using robots in automobile assembly lines, as described in the text?

    <p>Robots can work continuously without breaks, increasing production rates. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the text as a task performed by robots in automobile assembly lines?

    <p>Installing small parts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern regarding the increasing use of automation, as discussed in the text?

    <p>The loss of jobs due to automation replacing human workers. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an expert system, as described in the text, and how does it benefit businesses?

    <p>A system that provides information and advice based on a specific area of expertise. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best defines machine learning, as explained in the text?

    <p>A process that allows machines to learn from data and improve their performance over time. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on the text, which of the following is an example of a problem that machine learning can solve?

    <p>Diagnosing medical conditions based on patient symptoms. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The text mentions a Renault SA plant in Cleon, France, using robots to perform what task?

    <p>Installing small parts into engines (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the key values that Knowledge Management systems provide to businesses, according to the text?

    <p>Enhanced decision making by providing access to relevant information. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a formal post-implementation audit?

    <p>To verify that the new system meets the original requirements and goals. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is a feasibility study often incorporated into a systems analysis?

    <p>To determine if the proposed system is technically feasible and can be built within the organization's resources. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following methodologies emphasizes a structured, sequential approach to systems development?

    <p>Traditional Systems Life Cycle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the programming phase of a systems development process?

    <p>Translating the system design into executable code. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of rapid application development (RAD)?

    <p>Relies heavily on formal documentation and planning. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a business analytics toolset?

    <p>To gather, analyze, and visualize data to support business decision-making. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following technologies enables the development of applications that can be accessed on a wide range of devices, including smartphones and tablets?

    <p>Responsive Web Design (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a paradigm shift in the context of information systems development?

    <p>A fundamental change in the way organizations view and use information systems. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Knowledge Management Systems

    Systems that help manage and utilize knowledge within an organization.

    Tacit Knowledge

    Knowledge gained from personal experience that is difficult to articulate.

    Explicit Knowledge

    Knowledge that can be easily documented and shared, like manuals.

    Organizational Learning

    A process where organizations improve by gaining and applying knowledge.

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    Natural Language Processing (NLP)

    Technology allowing computers to understand human language.

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    Machine Learning in NLP

    Algorithms that help computers learn from language data to improve understanding.

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    Computer Vision Systems

    Technologies that enable computers to interpret and understand visual information.

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    Applications of NLP

    Use cases of NLP include search engines, spam filtering, and sentiment analysis.

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    Inventory Management

    The process of deciding when to reorder stock based on inventory levels, sales trends, and demand forecasts.

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    Customer Returns Process

    Evaluating and processing customer return requests according to company policies.

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    Daily Operational Reports

    Documents review of sales, output, or performance to track business efficiency.

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    Transaction Processing System (TPS)

    Records and processes daily business transactions like sales and payroll.

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    Management Information System (MIS)

    Collects and processes data from TPS to generate reports for decision-making.

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    Production Report

    A standard report generated regularly to summarize sales transactions.

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    Parameterized Report

    Allows users to input criteria to customize reports based on selected filters.

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    Daily Sales Report

    Summarizes total sales transactions, revenue, and metrics for a specific day.

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    DeepFace

    Facebook's facial recognition tool, highly accurate in face recognition.

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    Computer Vision

    Field of computer science that enables machines to interpret visual data.

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    Autonomous Vehicles

    Self-driving cars and drones using computer vision for navigation.

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    Tumor Evaluation

    Assessing tumors using technology for treatment decisions in healthcare.

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    AUMC

    Amsterdam University Medical Center, using tech for oncology advancements.

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    Robotics

    Design and operation of machines that perform tasks automatically.

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    Surgical Robots

    Robots designed to assist in surgical procedures with precision.

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    Industrial Machine Vision

    Computer vision used in manufacturing for quality control and inspections.

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    Artificial Intelligence (AI)

    The simulation of human intelligence in machines that are programmed to think and learn.

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    Expert System

    A computer program that emulates the decision-making ability of a human expert in a specific domain.

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    Machine Learning

    A subset of AI that allows computers to learn from data and improve their performance without being explicitly programmed.

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    Neural Network

    A system of algorithms designed to recognize patterns, functioning similarly to the human brain.

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    Deep Learning

    A type of machine learning involving neural networks with many layers, which can analyze complex data structures.

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    Genetic Algorithms

    Optimization algorithms based on the principles of natural selection and genetics.

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    Intelligent Agents

    Autonomous entities which observe through sensors and act upon an environment, often utilizing AI.

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    Structured Decisions

    Decisions made in situations where processes are clearly defined and repetitive.

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    Business Analytics toolset

    A collection of tools used to analyze data and support decision-making in organizations.

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    Predictive Analytics

    Analyzing historical data to forecast future outcomes and trends.

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    Decision-making constituencies

    Groups within an organization that make specific decisions.

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    Balanced Scorecard

    A strategy performance management tool that measures organizational performance across various perspectives.

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    Paradigm Shift

    A fundamental change in the underlying assumptions or methodologies of a particular field.

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    Systems Development Process

    A structured approach to developing information systems involving planning, analysis, design, and implementation.

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    Rapid Application Development (RAD)

    An agile software development process that focuses on rapid prototyping and quick feedback from end users.

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    Mobile App Development

    The process of creating software applications that run on mobile devices.

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    Study Notes

    Knowledge Management Systems in Business

    • Knowledge management and collaboration systems are rapidly growing areas of investment.
    • Knowledge that cannot be communicated and shared is nearly useless. It becomes useful when shared.
    • Knowledge is a significant component of a firm's intangible assets, which also include brands, reputations, and unique business processes.
    • Tacit knowledge exists in the minds of employees, undocumented. Explicit knowledge is documented.
    • Knowledge is sticky, not generally applicable or easily moved. It is often situational and contextual.

    Organizational Learning

    • Organizations learn by collecting data, measuring activities, experimenting via trial and error, and gathering feedback.
    • Learning leads to changing behavior and management decisions.
    • Organizations that learn rapidly tend to survive longer.

    Computer Vision Systems, Natural Language Processing, and Robotics

    • Natural Language Processing (NLP) allows computers to understand and analyze human language.
    • NLP allows computers to identify intent, extract information, and classify data points, without specific programming instructions.
    • Computer vision systems allow computers to emulate the human visual system and extract info from images (like identifying faces).
    • Robotics deal with designing, constructing, and operating movable machines that potentially substitute for humans.

    Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning

    • AI is the attempt to build computer systems that think and act like humans.
    • Machine learning (ML) is a major part of AI. It uses neural networks and deep learning to find patterns in data and classify inputs.
    • Expert systems represent expert knowledge as rules.
    • Expert system limitations: Experts cannot fully explain their own decisions (not always quantifiable) and large knowledge bases can be problematic.
    • Value of expert systems: Improved decisions, reduced errors, costs, and training time, improving quality and service.

    Neural Networks

    • A neural network is composed of interconnected units called neurons.
    • Neural networks use connections (weights) between neurons to produce outputs.
    • Neural networks use a Learning Rule to alter connection strength.
    • Applications in medicine, science, and business involve pattern classification, prediction, and control.

    Deep Learning Neural Networks

    • Deep learning networks have multiple layers for data transformation.
    • Deep learning is often used for finding patterns in unlabelled data.
    • Deep learning networks learn patterns from large data sets (hundreds of millions).

    Genetic Algorithms

    • Genetic algorithms use evolutionary biology concepts (inheritance, mutation, crossover) to find the optimal solution to problems with large quantities of variables.
    • Genetic algorithms test the fitness of generated strings and use offspring strings and their fitness to evolve towards an optimal solution.

    Enterprise Content Management (ECM) Systems

    • ECM systems manage structured and semistructured knowledge.
    • They handle everything from documents, reports, presentations and best practices to emails, memos, and videos.
    • They improve business processes and decision-making by providing knowledge capture, storage, retrieval, distribution and preservation features.

    Learning Management Systems (LMS)

    • LMS are systems to manage, deliver, track and assess employee learning and training.
    • LMS support various learning modalities (downloadable videos, online classes, group sessions).
    • They consolidate learning data, and track effectiveness.
    • LMS are increasingly integrating with massive open online courses (MOOCs).

    Knowledge Work Systems

    • Knowledge work systems like CAD (Computer-Aided Design) automate tasks and improve design and change processes.
    • CAD reduces reliance on physical prototypes, which saves massive amounts of time and significantly improves design changes.
    • Virtual reality systems, like those used in automotive design and development, also speed up design/development cycles through computer-aided design and prototyping instead of physical prototyping.
    • augmented reality (AR) overlays digital data onto the physical environment. Augmented visualization facilitates medical procedures, maintenance, and design.

    Types of Decisions

    • Structured decisions are repetitive and routine (clear procedure).
    • Unstructured decisions are novel and require judgment and insight (e.g., strategic decisions).
    • Semistructured decisions have elements of both structured and unstructured.

    Management Roles

    • Managers use information for different roles, including interpersonal roles, informational roles, and decisional roles.
    • They act as figureheads, leaders, liaisons, entrepreneurs, disturbance handlers, resource allocators, and negotiators.
    • They gather, filter, and disseminate information.

    Management Filters

    • Filtering happens when managers use their own criteria, and cognitive biases to understand and interpret information, which often influence their decisions.

    Transaction Processing Systems and Management Information Systems

    • Transaction processing systems (TPS) record and process daily transactions.
    • Management information systems (MIS) gather, process and analyze data to support decision-making.
    • Production reports are standard, pre-scheduled reports.
    • Parameterized reports allow for specific filter criteria.

    Business Analytics

    • Business analytics is the ability to model future events and behaviors to accurately predict outcomes.
    • Predictive analytics use statistical analysis and data mining techniques.

    Balanced Scorecard Method

    • Balanced scorecards measure outcomes across different dimensions of firm performance (financial, business process, customer, learning and growth) and key performance indicators (KPIs).
    • They align operational objectives to strategic plan.

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    Description

    Explore the key concepts of knowledge management systems and their impact on business. Understand how organizations learn and adapt through data collection and experimentation. Additionally, dive into modern technologies like NLP and robotics that enhance these systems.

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