Knochen- und Mineralstoffwechsel Quiz

Support, protection, calcium/phosphate storage, and blood cell production.

Bone cells (osteoblasts, osteoclasts, blood cells), organic matrix (collagen, proteoglycans), and inorganic bone mineral (apatite).

Calcium and phosphate, which form the crystals (apatite) in bone.

Enzyme that plays a role in bone cell metabolism.

Part of bones & teeth, blood clotting, nerve/muscle function.

Part of bones, teeth, energy (ATP), cell division, and blood buffer.

Regulates calcium and phosphate levels in the blood.

Avoid calcium-binding anticoagulants, and be aware of potential issues from high/low protein levels.

Photometric measurement after chemical reaction.

Osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and blood cells

Collagen and proteoglycans.

A technique used to measure the concentration of elements in a sample by measuring the amount of light absorbed by the atoms.

A medical condition characterized by abnormally high levels of calcium in the blood.

Normal range of calcium (Ca) concentration in serum/plasma; 2.20-2.65 mmol/l

A disorder of the parathyroid glands, leading to high levels of parathyroid hormone and often higher calcium levels.

Cancers that can cause elevated calcium levels

Enzyme important in bone metabolism, found in multiple tissues including prostate.

Acid phosphatase form mostly found in prostate tissue.

Measured with kinetic enzymatic method, detecting non-prostate specific via tartrate addition.

Below 5.5 U/L

Prostate diseases, bone diseases, and leukemia.

Essential role in bone structure, metabolism, neural transmission, enzymatic functions, and intracellular processes.

Hemolysis can cause falsely elevated measurements.

Uses photometric measurement after a chemical reaction with xylenol orange.

Used as a inhibitor to distinguish between total acid phosphatase and prostate-specific acid phosphatase.

Conditions like Hemolysis or Jaundice can skew ACP test results.

High magnesium levels in the blood.

Low magnesium levels in the blood.

Normal magnesium level in serum/plasma (0.73 - 1.06 mmol/L).

Critical high magnesium level; potentially life-threatening.

Technique to measure element concentration in a sample using light absorption.

Low calcium levels in the blood, caused by various factors like hypoparathyroidism, vitamin D deficiency, and bone-forming tumors.

High phosphate levels in the blood, linked to conditions like hypoparathyroidism and bone metastasis.

Low phosphate levels in the blood, associated with hyperparathyroidism, vitamin D deficiency, and IV glucose.

Enzyme with different forms (isoenzymes) like liver, bone, intestinal, placental, affecting diagnosis of liver and bone diseases.

Red blood cell destruction (haemolysis) falsely lowers the amount of ALP detected.

Identifying phosphate levels; preanalytical factors like hemolysis give false results.

Normal range for phosphate in serum/plasma is 0.84-1.45 mmol/L.

Normal range for ALP in serum/plasma is <270 U/l.

Phosphate estimation via colorimetric measurement using molybdenum/vanadate methods.

Alkaline phosphatase activity measured by a kinetic assay.

Enzyme found in bone, prostate, red cells and platelets. Tartrat-inhibited isoenzyme is prostate-specific.

Condition where the parathyroid glands produce low levels of parathyroid hormones, affecting calcium levels.

Deficiency of vitamin D affecting calcium and phosphate balance.

Diseases related to bones affecting calcium/phosphate levels or enzyme activities.

Cancerous tumors that spread to the bones.