Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the clinical significance of low contraction observed during knee extension while pressing the ball?
What is the clinical significance of low contraction observed during knee extension while pressing the ball?
In the monopodal support test with a fitball, what does spring extension of the supported knee indicate?
In the monopodal support test with a fitball, what does spring extension of the supported knee indicate?
What does performing an anteromedial lunge assess in terms of hip function?
What does performing an anteromedial lunge assess in terms of hip function?
During the balance sit and reach test, which muscle weaknesses might result in instability?
During the balance sit and reach test, which muscle weaknesses might result in instability?
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What measurement is primarily linked to the performance outcomes during an anteromedial lunge?
What measurement is primarily linked to the performance outcomes during an anteromedial lunge?
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What type of joint is the knee joint complex classified as?
What type of joint is the knee joint complex classified as?
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What is the maximum range of passive flexion at the knee joint with a flexed hip?
What is the maximum range of passive flexion at the knee joint with a flexed hip?
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Which muscle is primarily responsible for knee extension?
Which muscle is primarily responsible for knee extension?
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During the Lunge Test, which outcome indicates an internal rotation and adduction of the hip?
During the Lunge Test, which outcome indicates an internal rotation and adduction of the hip?
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What is the role of the menisci in the knee joint?
What is the role of the menisci in the knee joint?
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What is the primary movement performed by the hamstring muscle group?
What is the primary movement performed by the hamstring muscle group?
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What characteristic of the squat test reflects tension in the hamstrings?
What characteristic of the squat test reflects tension in the hamstrings?
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Which of the following describes the primary action of the Sartorius muscle?
Which of the following describes the primary action of the Sartorius muscle?
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Study Notes
Knee Joint Complex
- The knee is an intermediate joint in the lower limb, exhibiting a condylar structure.
- The knee joint has both femoral condyles (convex) and tibial glenoids (concave).
- It primarily has one degree of freedom, but also involves accessory movements.
- The knee joint comprises femoro-patellar and femoro-tibial joints.
- The femoro-patellar joint involves the patella and femoral trochlea, along with pre-patellar cartilage.
- Menisci are fibrocartilage structures that act as compression transmitters.
Range of Motion
-
Flexion:
- Active flexion with extended hip: 120°
- Active flexion with flexed hip: 140°
- Estimated passive flexion with extended hip: unknown
- Estimated passive flexion with flexed hip: 160°
-
Extension:
- Active extension: 0°
- Passive extension: 0°
- Internal Rotation: 30°
- External Rotation: 60°
Main Knee Muscles
- Quadriceps: The primary extensor muscle group.
- Sartorius: Involved in flexion and internal rotation.
-
Hamstrings:
- Semitendinosus: contributes to flexion and internal rotation.
- Semimembranosus: contributes to flexion and internal rotation.
- Femoral biceps: contributes to flexion and external rotation.
- Popliteal: Involved in flexion and internal rotation.
Tests
- Lunge Test: Patient performs a lunge, assessing for valgus collapse, internal rotation, and adduction of the hip, as well as knee valgus and external tibial torsion. It clinically assesses hip separator and knee internal rotator hyperactivity.
- Squat Test: Patient does a squat, observing for abnormalities like posterior pelvic tilting and "bat wing" characteristics. This test helps identify issues related to hamstring tension.
- Vastus Medialis and Adductor Magnus Co-Contraction Test: Patient performs knee extension while pressing a ball between the knees. Abnormal results can indicate hypotonia in the vastus medialis.
- Monopodal Support Test with Fitball: Patient performs a monopodal stance with a fitball. This tests spring extension of the knee and compensations for vastus medialis hypotonia.
- Antero-medial Lunge: Patient performs a lunge directed medially, assessing the number of repetitions in 30 seconds and internal/external hip rotator weakness/strength.
- Balance Sit and Reach: Involves a monopodal stance with a reach for the opposite heel. Instability and repetition counts within 30 seconds assess gluteus medius and vastus medialis strength.
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Description
This quiz explores the anatomy and range of motion of the knee joint complex. It covers the structure, main muscles, and degrees of freedom associated with the knee joint. Test your knowledge on flexion, extension, and rotation of the knee.
