20 Questions
Which ligament tear is most likely to occur with a valgus force applied to the knee?
MCL tear
Which ligament tear is most likely to occur with a valgus force and rotation applied to the knee?
PCL tear
Which ligament tear is most likely to occur with a valgus force, rotation, and weight bearing applied to the knee?
Medial meniscus tear
Which ligament tear is most likely to occur with a varus force applied to the knee?
LCL tear
Which ligament tear is most likely to occur with a varus force and rotation applied to the knee?
MCL tear
Which ligament tear is most likely to occur with a dashboard injury?
PCL tear
Which ligament tear is most likely to occur with a posterior sag in the anteroposterior stability test?
PCL tear
Which ligament tear is most likely to be diagnosed using the anterior drawer test?
ACL tear
Which ligament tear is most likely to be diagnosed using the Lachman test?
ACL tear
What is the most common presentation of an ACL tear?
Immediate painful doughy swelling
Which test is used to assess for anteroposterior glide in the knee?
Anterior drawer test
What does a posterior sag sign indicate?
PCL injury
Which imaging technique is used to differentiate partial from complete tear?
MRI
What is the initial treatment for a partial tear?
Functional brace or crepe bandage with early exercise
What is the initial treatment for a complete MCL or LCL tear?
Casting for 6 weeks
What is the initial treatment for a complete ACL or PCL tear?
Casting for 6 weeks
What is the initial treatment for a combined collateral ligament tear and ACL or PCL tear?
Casting for 6 weeks
When should avulsion injuries be surgically treated?
Immediately
What is the purpose of an arthroscopy in the management of ACL tear?
To determine the need for ligament reconstruction
At what position should the hip and knee be during the posterior sag sign test?
Hip at 45 degrees, knee at 90 degrees
Study Notes
Ligament Tears and Forces
- A valgus force applied to the knee is most likely to cause a medial collateral ligament (MCL) tear.
- A valgus force with rotation applied to the knee is most likely to cause an ACL (anterior cruciate ligament) tear.
- A valgus force, rotation, and weight bearing applied to the knee is most likely to cause an ACL and MCL tear.
- A varus force applied to the knee is most likely to cause a lateral collateral ligament (LCL) tear.
- A varus force with rotation applied to the knee is most likely to cause an LCL and posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) tear.
Diagnostic Tests and Imaging
- The anterior drawer test is used to diagnose ACL tears.
- The Lachman test is used to diagnose ACL tears.
- The posterior sag sign indicates a posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) tear.
- The Lachman test is used to assess for anteroposterior glide in the knee.
- MRI is used to differentiate partial from complete tears.
Treatment and Management
- The initial treatment for a partial tear is conservative management.
- The initial treatment for a complete MCL or LCL tear is surgical reconstruction.
- The initial treatment for a complete ACL or PCL tear is surgical reconstruction.
- The initial treatment for a combined collateral ligament tear and ACL or PCL tear is surgical reconstruction.
- Avulsion injuries should be surgically treated if they are displaced or involve a large fragment of bone.
- Arthroscopy is used to assess the extent of an ACL tear and perform surgical reconstruction.
Examination Techniques
- The posterior sag sign test is performed with the hip and knee in 90 degrees of flexion.
Test your knowledge on acute knee ligament injuries and their mechanisms of injury with this quiz. Learn about the various ligaments involved and how they contribute to knee stability. Perfect for athletes, healthcare professionals, and anyone interested in understanding common knee injuries.
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