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Questions and Answers
What is the primary cause of the altered hormone balance in Klinefelter syndrome?
What is the effect of the reduced testosterone levels in Klinefelter syndrome?
During which stage of meiosis do the chromosomal pairs separate in normal germ cells?
What is the typical physical characteristic of individuals with Klinefelter syndrome?
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What is the result of the failure of sex chromosomes to separate during meiosis in germ cells?
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What is the primary effect of having an extra X chromosome in Klinefelter syndrome?
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What stimulates the Sertoli cells in the seminiferous tubules of the testes to make more sperm?
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What is the role of inhibin released by Sertoli cells?
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What is the function of the Leydig cells in the interstitium of the testes?
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What triggers the release of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone in puberty?
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Study Notes
Klinefelter Syndrome
- Klinefelter syndrome is a chromosomal problem where a person with an XY genotype (biologically a male) inherits at least one extra X-chromosome, and sometimes a few extra ones.
Hormone Regulation
- The hypothalamus releases gonadotropin releasing hormone, which triggers the pituitary gland to release luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone.
- In males, luteinizing hormone stimulates Leydig cells to convert cholesterol into testosterone, and follicle-stimulating hormone stimulates Sertoli cells to make sperm.
- Testosterone reduces gonadotropin releasing hormone and luteinizing hormone, and Sertoli cells release inhibin, which inhibits release of follicle-stimulating hormone.
Effects of Klinefelter Syndrome
- The extra X-chromosome interrupts the normal function of Sertoli and Leydig cells, leading to altered hormone balance.
- Starting at puberty, Sertoli and Leydig cells don't produce inhibin or testosterone, respectively, leading to increased levels of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone.
- Less testosterone suppresses testes maturation and sperm production, as well as development of secondary male characteristics.
Development of Klinefelter Syndrome
- Klinefelter syndrome develops when a gamete (sperm or egg) contains at least one extra X-chromosome.
- The extra X-chromosome results from a failure of sex chromosome pairs to separate in meiosis 1 or sister chromatids of the X-chromosomes to separate in meiosis 2.
Symptoms
- Symptoms of Klinefelter syndrome are most apparent around puberty, including hypogonadism, small testicles and penis, and sterility.
- Physical characteristics include tall stature, long legs, short torso, broad hips, and development of breast tissue (gynecomastia).
- Other symptoms include less muscle mass, less facial and body hair, weaker bones, and lower energy levels.
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Description
This quiz covers the basics of Klinefelter syndrome, a chromosomal disorder that affects hormone regulation in males. Learn about the effects of the extra X-chromosome on Sertoli and Leydig cells, and the resulting symptoms. Discover how the disorder develops and its physical characteristics.
