Klebsiella

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What are the virulence factors associated with Salmonella?

Enterotoxin, resistance to stomach acid, ability to disseminate, high infective dose

What is the most common form of Salmonella disease?

Salmonella Enterocolitis – inflammation of the mucous membranes of the small and large intestine

What are the symptoms of Salmonella Enterocolitis?

Nausea, headache, vomiting, profuse diarrhea, and low-grade fever

What is Salmonella Bacteremia?

A condition caused by non-typhoidal Salmonella that spreads from the gastrointestinal tract, leading to prolonged fever with intermittent bacteremia Signup and view all the answers

What are the possible complications of Salmonella Bacteremia?

Metastatic infection of bones, joints, meninges, or cardiovascular system Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common type of Salmonella enteric fever?

Typhoid fever, caused by S. Typhi Signup and view all the answers

What is the most virulent species of Staph?

Staphylococcus aureus Signup and view all the answers

What are the symptoms of Typhoid fever?

Fever, headache, loss of appetite, weakness, splenomegaly, abdominal pain Signup and view all the answers

What are the normal flora (colonizers) of the skin and mucus membranes?

Staphylococcus and Streptococcus Signup and view all the answers

What are the routes of infection for Staphylococcus aureus?

Trauma/abrasion, person-to-person, nosocomial, ingestion of bacteria or toxin Signup and view all the answers

What are the virulence factors of Staphylococcus aureus?

Enzymes, cytolytic toxins, protein A, enterotoxins Signup and view all the answers

What are the typical characteristics of skin and wound infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus?

Suppurative (pus-filled) and surrounded by necrotic tissue Signup and view all the answers

What are the symptoms of food poisoning caused by Staphylococcus aureus?

Nausea, vomiting, cramping, diarrhea, and headache Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common age group affected by Scalded Skin Syndrome caused by Staphylococcus aureus?

Children < 5 years old Signup and view all the answers

What are the common causes of nosocomial infections?

Klebsiella and Proteus spp. Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common isolate of Proteus?

P. mirabilis & P. vulgaris Signup and view all the answers

How is Yersinia pestis transmitted?

Via rat flea bites, airborne droplets (pneumonic plague), ingestion of contaminated animal tissue Signup and view all the answers

What are the characteristics of Yersinia pestis?

Highly virulent, antiphagocytic capsule, exotoxins, coagulase, fibrinolysin Signup and view all the answers

What is the optimal growth temperature for Yersinia pestis?

25-30 degrees Celsius Signup and view all the answers

What are the symptoms of bubonic plague?

Acute febrile disease, painful buboes, septicemia Signup and view all the answers

How is pneumonic plague transmitted?

Infectious droplets (sneezing, coughing) Signup and view all the answers

What are the symptoms of pneumonic plague?

Malaise, pulmonary signs, rapidly fatal Signup and view all the answers

What are the characteristics of Vibrio cholerae?

Curved gram-negative rod, found in water, associated with recent consumption of raw seafood and recent immigration or foreign travel Signup and view all the answers

What are the major virulence factors of Pyogenes?

M protein, Streptolysin O, Streptolysin S, DNase, Streptokinase, Hyaluronidase, Spreading factor, Erythrogenic toxin Signup and view all the answers

What are the nonsuppurative sequelae of Strep. Pyogenes infections?

Rheumatic fever, Acute glomerulonephritis Signup and view all the answers

What are the symptoms of rheumatic fever?

Fever, inflammation of joints, heart, CNS, sub-Q tissues Signup and view all the answers

What are the symptoms of acute glomerulonephritis?

Edema, hypertension, hematuria, proteinuria Signup and view all the answers

What are the major routes of infection for Neisseria gonorrhoeae?

Sexual transmission, vertical transmission during vaginal delivery Signup and view all the answers

What are the major symptoms of gonorrhea in males?

Male urethritis, purulent discharge, dysuria Signup and view all the answers

What are the major symptoms of gonorrhea in females?

Vaginal discharge, bleeding, dysuria, lower abdominal pain Signup and view all the answers