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Questions and Answers
Enterococci are known for their ability to form biofilms on the surface of urinary catheters, providing protection against antibiotics and host immune responses.
Enterococci are known for their ability to form biofilms on the surface of urinary catheters, providing protection against antibiotics and host immune responses.
True
The pain in Interstitial Cystitis is always localized to the bladder area.
The pain in Interstitial Cystitis is always localized to the bladder area.
False
The virulence factors of Enterococci include surface proteins, adhesins, toxins, and toxins.
The virulence factors of Enterococci include surface proteins, adhesins, toxins, and toxins.
False
Urinary microbiota of IC/BPS patients is always identical to that of healthy controls.
Urinary microbiota of IC/BPS patients is always identical to that of healthy controls.
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Interstitial Cystitis is mainly caused by autoimmune reactions in the body.
Interstitial Cystitis is mainly caused by autoimmune reactions in the body.
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Lactobacillus species L.crispatus, L.gasseri, L.jensenii, and L.iners are the predominant microorganisms in the vaginal microbiota.
Lactobacillus species L.crispatus, L.gasseri, L.jensenii, and L.iners are the predominant microorganisms in the vaginal microbiota.
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The acidic environment in the vagina is created by the production of lactic acid by harmful bacteria.
The acidic environment in the vagina is created by the production of lactic acid by harmful bacteria.
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Factors influencing the composition of the vaginal microbiota include hormonal fluctuations and antibiotic use.
Factors influencing the composition of the vaginal microbiota include hormonal fluctuations and antibiotic use.
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A healthy vaginal microbiota is characterized by a dominance of E.coli species.
A healthy vaginal microbiota is characterized by a dominance of E.coli species.
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Mechanical properties like prostatic hypertrophy can inhibit bacterial growth contributing to a healthy vaginal microbiota.
Mechanical properties like prostatic hypertrophy can inhibit bacterial growth contributing to a healthy vaginal microbiota.
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The anatomy of the lower urinary tract includes the capsule, perinephric fat, and renal hilum.
The anatomy of the lower urinary tract includes the capsule, perinephric fat, and renal hilum.
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Vesicoureteric reflux can be clinically limited due to the relationship between the ureters and the bladder wall.
Vesicoureteric reflux can be clinically limited due to the relationship between the ureters and the bladder wall.
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The urethral sphincters are primarily controlled by the autonomic nervous system.
The urethral sphincters are primarily controlled by the autonomic nervous system.
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Asymptomatic bacteriuria always leads to complications in the urinary tract.
Asymptomatic bacteriuria always leads to complications in the urinary tract.
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The vaginal microbiota plays no role in influencing the risk of developing urinary tract infections.
The vaginal microbiota plays no role in influencing the risk of developing urinary tract infections.
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E. coli is the least frequent pathogen causing UTIs.
E. coli is the least frequent pathogen causing UTIs.
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S. saprophyticus causes the majority of cystitis cases in young, sexually active women.
S. saprophyticus causes the majority of cystitis cases in young, sexually active women.
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Nosocomial infections commonly involve Streptococcus as one of the main pathogens.
Nosocomial infections commonly involve Streptococcus as one of the main pathogens.
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E. coli strains causing invasive symptomatic infections usually lack genetic virulence factors.
E. coli strains causing invasive symptomatic infections usually lack genetic virulence factors.
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All E. coli strains express the type 1 pilus (fimbria).
All E. coli strains express the type 1 pilus (fimbria).
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Urinary tract infections (UTIs) always present with symptoms that require antimicrobial therapy.
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) always present with symptoms that require antimicrobial therapy.
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Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) is a type of urinary tract infection that usually requires treatment.
Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) is a type of urinary tract infection that usually requires treatment.
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Bacteria can enter the bladder after sexual intercourse but are usually eliminated by voiding and innate host defense mechanisms.
Bacteria can enter the bladder after sexual intercourse but are usually eliminated by voiding and innate host defense mechanisms.
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Antibiotic prophylaxis is a common treatment option for preventing urinary tract infections (UTIs).
Antibiotic prophylaxis is a common treatment option for preventing urinary tract infections (UTIs).
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Surgical correction of the vesicoureteric junction is a common treatment option for asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB).
Surgical correction of the vesicoureteric junction is a common treatment option for asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB).
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Klebsiella bacteria adhere to and colonize the mucosal surfaces of the bladder or kidney tissues.
Klebsiella bacteria adhere to and colonize the mucosal surfaces of the bladder or kidney tissues.
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Klebsiella bacteria invade bladder epithelial cells, allowing them to be easily detected by the immune system.
Klebsiella bacteria invade bladder epithelial cells, allowing them to be easily detected by the immune system.
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Biofilms formed by Klebsiella bacteria in the urinary tract make infections easier to eradicate.
Biofilms formed by Klebsiella bacteria in the urinary tract make infections easier to eradicate.
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Klebsiella bacteria produce various virulence factors that contribute to their pathogenicity, including capsule polysaccharides and lipopolysaccharides (LPS).
Klebsiella bacteria produce various virulence factors that contribute to their pathogenicity, including capsule polysaccharides and lipopolysaccharides (LPS).
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Klebsiella bacteria are not known for their ability to develop antibiotic resistance.
Klebsiella bacteria are not known for their ability to develop antibiotic resistance.
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Type 1 pili in E.coli bladder infection mediate binding to glucose on the luminal surface of bladder uroepithelial cells.
Type 1 pili in E.coli bladder infection mediate binding to glucose on the luminal surface of bladder uroepithelial cells.
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Proteus mirabilis produces ureases that raise the urine pH above 7, promoting bacterial growth and renal stone formation.
Proteus mirabilis produces ureases that raise the urine pH above 7, promoting bacterial growth and renal stone formation.
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Pathogenic Proteus mirabilis doesn't produce hemolysin.
Pathogenic Proteus mirabilis doesn't produce hemolysin.
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The expression of flagella in Proteus bacteria only allows them to migrate up the urethra.
The expression of flagella in Proteus bacteria only allows them to migrate up the urethra.
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Endotoxins in gram-negative bacteria contribute to pyelonephritis by enhancing ureteral peristalsis.
Endotoxins in gram-negative bacteria contribute to pyelonephritis by enhancing ureteral peristalsis.
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Lactobacillus species are typically part of the vaginal microbiota.
Lactobacillus species are typically part of the vaginal microbiota.
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The acidic environment in the vagina is mainly due to the production of lactic acid by harmful bacteria.
The acidic environment in the vagina is mainly due to the production of lactic acid by harmful bacteria.
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Enterococci are known for their ability to form biofilms on the surface of vaginal walls.
Enterococci are known for their ability to form biofilms on the surface of vaginal walls.
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Urinary microbiota of IC/BPS patients is always identical to that of healthy controls.
Urinary microbiota of IC/BPS patients is always identical to that of healthy controls.
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Mechanical properties like prostatic hypertrophy can inhibit bacterial growth in the vaginal microbiota.
Mechanical properties like prostatic hypertrophy can inhibit bacterial growth in the vaginal microbiota.
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