40 Questions
Enterococci are known for their ability to form biofilms on the surface of urinary catheters, providing protection against antibiotics and host immune responses.
True
The pain in Interstitial Cystitis is always localized to the bladder area.
False
The virulence factors of Enterococci include surface proteins, adhesins, toxins, and toxins.
False
Urinary microbiota of IC/BPS patients is always identical to that of healthy controls.
False
Interstitial Cystitis is mainly caused by autoimmune reactions in the body.
False
Lactobacillus species L.crispatus, L.gasseri, L.jensenii, and L.iners are the predominant microorganisms in the vaginal microbiota.
True
The acidic environment in the vagina is created by the production of lactic acid by harmful bacteria.
False
Factors influencing the composition of the vaginal microbiota include hormonal fluctuations and antibiotic use.
True
A healthy vaginal microbiota is characterized by a dominance of E.coli species.
False
Mechanical properties like prostatic hypertrophy can inhibit bacterial growth contributing to a healthy vaginal microbiota.
False
The anatomy of the lower urinary tract includes the capsule, perinephric fat, and renal hilum.
False
Vesicoureteric reflux can be clinically limited due to the relationship between the ureters and the bladder wall.
True
The urethral sphincters are primarily controlled by the autonomic nervous system.
False
Asymptomatic bacteriuria always leads to complications in the urinary tract.
False
The vaginal microbiota plays no role in influencing the risk of developing urinary tract infections.
False
E. coli is the least frequent pathogen causing UTIs.
False
S. saprophyticus causes the majority of cystitis cases in young, sexually active women.
False
Nosocomial infections commonly involve Streptococcus as one of the main pathogens.
False
E. coli strains causing invasive symptomatic infections usually lack genetic virulence factors.
False
All E. coli strains express the type 1 pilus (fimbria).
False
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) always present with symptoms that require antimicrobial therapy.
False
Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) is a type of urinary tract infection that usually requires treatment.
False
Bacteria can enter the bladder after sexual intercourse but are usually eliminated by voiding and innate host defense mechanisms.
True
Antibiotic prophylaxis is a common treatment option for preventing urinary tract infections (UTIs).
True
Surgical correction of the vesicoureteric junction is a common treatment option for asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB).
False
Klebsiella bacteria adhere to and colonize the mucosal surfaces of the bladder or kidney tissues.
True
Klebsiella bacteria invade bladder epithelial cells, allowing them to be easily detected by the immune system.
False
Biofilms formed by Klebsiella bacteria in the urinary tract make infections easier to eradicate.
False
Klebsiella bacteria produce various virulence factors that contribute to their pathogenicity, including capsule polysaccharides and lipopolysaccharides (LPS).
True
Klebsiella bacteria are not known for their ability to develop antibiotic resistance.
False
Type 1 pili in E.coli bladder infection mediate binding to glucose on the luminal surface of bladder uroepithelial cells.
False
Proteus mirabilis produces ureases that raise the urine pH above 7, promoting bacterial growth and renal stone formation.
True
Pathogenic Proteus mirabilis doesn't produce hemolysin.
False
The expression of flagella in Proteus bacteria only allows them to migrate up the urethra.
False
Endotoxins in gram-negative bacteria contribute to pyelonephritis by enhancing ureteral peristalsis.
False
Lactobacillus species are typically part of the vaginal microbiota.
True
The acidic environment in the vagina is mainly due to the production of lactic acid by harmful bacteria.
False
Enterococci are known for their ability to form biofilms on the surface of vaginal walls.
False
Urinary microbiota of IC/BPS patients is always identical to that of healthy controls.
False
Mechanical properties like prostatic hypertrophy can inhibit bacterial growth in the vaginal microbiota.
False
Learn about how Klebsiella bacteria adhere to and colonize mucosal surfaces in the urinary tract, as well as their invasion and evasion mechanisms of host defenses.
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