Klebsiella

Klebsiella = Antiphagocytic Pili, Endotoxin, Exotoxin Salmonella = Enterotoxin, Stomach acid resistance Shigella = Shiga toxin, Intestinal epithelial cells penetration Escherichia coli = Various, depending on strain, including enterotoxins and pili

Salmonella = Fecal-oral, contaminated food and water Shigella = Person-to-person, fecal-oral Escherichia coli = Ingestion of contaminated food/water, person-to-person Klebsiella = Opportunistic infections in compromised host

Salmonella = Enterocolitis, Bacteremia, Enteric Fevers Shigella = Dysentery Escherichia coli = Gastrointestinal infections, UTI, Meningitis Klebsiella = UTI & Pneumonia

<p>Salmonella = Man &amp; animals, esp fowl and cold-blooded animals Shigella = Man only Escherichia coli = Normal flora of GI Klebsiella = Normal flora in intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Salmonella = High infective dose Shigella = Low infective dose Escherichia coli (ETEC strain) = High infective dose – 106 – 1010 organisms Klebsiella = Not specified</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Salmonella = Can disseminate Shigella = Rarely penetrate and disseminate Escherichia coli (EIEC strain) = Penetration, invasion, and destruction of intestinal mucosa Klebsiella = Does NOT produce intestinal disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Salmonella = Nausea, headache, vomiting, profuse diarrhea, low grade fever Shigella = High fever, chills, abdominal cramps Escherichia coli = Depends on strain, can include diarrhea, nausea, abdominal cramps, fever Klebsiella = Symptoms associated with UTI &amp; Pneumonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Staphylococcus aureus = Skin and wound infections, Food poisoning, Scalded Skin Syndrome, Toxic Shock Syndrome Streptococcus pyogenes = Upper respiratory tract infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Skin and wound infections = Typically suppurative (puss filled) and surrounded by necrotic tissue Food poisoning = Caused by heat-stable enterotoxins, symptoms include nausea, vomiting, cramping, diarrhea, and headache Scalded Skin Syndrome = Most common in children under 5 years old, caused by exfoliative toxin, skin peels off in sheets Toxic Shock Syndrome = Caused by TSST-1 enterotoxin, causes low blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enzymes = Help infection to easily spread Cytolytic toxins = Hemolysins and leucocidins Protein A = Antiphagocytic Enterotoxins = Heat-stable, cause diarrhea and vomiting</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Trauma/abrasion = Enter normally sterile site Person-to-person = Direct contact transmission Nosocomial = Hospital-acquired infection Ingestion of bacteria or toxin = Infection through consuming contaminated food or drink</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Folliculitis = Inflammation of hair follicle or oil gland Furuncles = Boils, superficial Carbuncles = Large more invasive lesions, develop from multiple furuncles Impetigo = Large pustules, very contagious</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Portal of entry = Mouth or skin Portal of exit = Saliva or skin exudates</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Route of infection = Person-to-person via contaminated respiratory droplets or secretions Colonization = Upper respiratory tract Carrier state = NOT normal flora Clinical significance = If found treat the infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Streptococcus Pyogenes = Acute pharyngitis/tonsillitis, Erysipelas, Impetigo, Rheumatic fever, Acute glomerulonephritis, Necrotizing fasciitis, Puerperal sepsis, Scarlet fever Streptococcus pneumoniae = Pneumonia, Meningitis, Sinusitis, Otitis media Neisseria gonorrhoeae = Gonorrhea, Disseminated Infections, Infant Infections Neisseria meningitidis = Meningitis, Meningococcemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Streptococcus Pyogenes = M protein, Streptolysin O, Streptolysin S, DNase, Streptokinase, Hyaluronidase, Erythrogenic toxin Streptococcus pneumoniae = Capsule Neisseria gonorrhoeae = Capsule, Pili Neisseria meningitidis = Pili, Capsule, Endotoxin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Streptococcus Pyogenes = Entry: Mouth or skin; Exit: Saliva, Respiratory droplets/aerosols, Skin exudates Streptococcus pneumoniae = Entry: Nose and mouth; Exit: Saliva, Respiratory droplets/aerosols Neisseria gonorrhoeae = Entry: Eyes, genitals or any mucus membrane; Exit: Vaginal secretions, Semen, Exudates Neisseria meningitidis = Entry: Mouth and nose; Exit: Respiratory droplet and aerosols</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Streptococcus Pyogenes = Inhalation Streptococcus pneumoniae = Person-to-person, Aspiration into lower respiratory tract Neisseria gonorrhoeae = Sexual transmission, Vaginal delivery Neisseria meningitidis = Airborne respiratory droplets</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Streptococcus Pyogenes = Gram Positive cocci Streptococcus pneumoniae = Gram Positive cocci, Alpha hemolytic Neisseria gonorrhoeae = Gram negative diplo cocci Neisseria meningitidis = Gram negative diplo cocci</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Streptococcus Pyogenes = Does not cause specific conditions in infants Streptococcus pneumoniae = Does not cause specific conditions in infants Neisseria gonorrhoeae = Ophthalmia neonatorium Neisseria meningitidis = Does not cause specific conditions in infants</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Streptococcus Pyogenes = One of the most common bacterial infections Streptococcus pneumoniae = Major cause of pneumonia and meningitis Neisseria gonorrhoeae = Only found in humans Neisseria meningitidis = Major cause of fatal bacterial meningitis in young adults</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Klebsiella pneumoniae = Commonly causes nosocomial infections, normal in upper respiratory tract of 5% of population Proteus spp. = Normal intestinal flora, opportunistic pathogen, common cause of UTI and wound infection Yersinia pestis = Causes plague, transmitted via rat flea bites, airborne droplets, ingestion of contaminated animal tissue Vibrio cholerae = Curved gram-negative rod, found in water, causes gastroenteritis to cholera</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bubonic plague = Acute febrile disease, lesion in lymph node, painful buboes develop Pneumonic plague = Transmitted by infectious droplets, malaise and pulmonary signs Cholera = Acute, severe gastroenteritis, vomiting, profuse watery diarrhea Septicemia = Infection in the bloodstream, can be rapidly fatal</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Yersinia pestis = 25 - 30 degrees Celsius Vibrio cholerae = Water temperature Proteus spp. = Body temperature (37 degrees Celsius) Klebsiella pneumoniae = Body temperature (37 degrees Celsius)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bubonic plague = Streptomycin Pneumonic plague = Streptomycin Cholera = Rehydration therapy UTI = Antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Yersinia pestis = Rat flea bites, airborne droplets, ingestion of contaminated animal tissue Vibrio cholerae = Ingestion of contaminated water/seafood, exposure of broken skin to water Klebsiella pneumoniae = Respiratory droplets Proteus spp. = Contact, especially in healthcare settings</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Yersinia pestis = Bubonic plague and Pneumonic plague Vibrio cholerae = Cholera and gastroenteritis Klebsiella pneumoniae = Nosocomial infections Proteus spp. = UTI and wound infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proteus spp. = Produces swarming colonies – film of confluent growth Yersinia pestis = Highly virulent organism, Antiphagocytic capsule, Exotoxins, coagulase, fibrinolysin Vibrio cholerae = Curved gram-negative rod, found in water, not normal flora Klebsiella pneumoniae = Commonly causes nosocomial infections, normal in upper respiratory tract of 5% of population</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vibrio cholerae = Cholera toxin (choleragen) Yersinia pestis = Exotoxins Proteus spp. = No specific toxin Klebsiella pneumoniae = No specific toxin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Yersinia pestis = Most are motile Vibrio cholerae = Motile Proteus spp. = Motile Klebsiella pneumoniae = Not motile</p> Signup and view all the answers