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Questions and Answers
In a series circuit, how is the current distributed?
In a series circuit, how is the current distributed?
- The current is inversely proportional to resistance
- The sum of currents in each element is equal to the total current
- The current is different in different parts of the circuit
- The current is the same everywhere in the circuit (correct)
What does Kirchoff's first law state about current in a circuit junction?
What does Kirchoff's first law state about current in a circuit junction?
- The total current flowing into a junction is different from the current flowing out
- The total current flowing into a junction is less than the current flowing out
- The total current flowing into a junction is greater than the current flowing out
- The total current flowing into a junction is equal to the current flowing out (correct)
What happens to the sum of currents in each parallel set of branches in a parallel circuit?
What happens to the sum of currents in each parallel set of branches in a parallel circuit?
- It is less than the total current
- It becomes zero
- It exceeds the total current
- It equals the total current (correct)
According to Kirchoff's second law, what is the sum of all voltages in a series circuit?
According to Kirchoff's second law, what is the sum of all voltages in a series circuit?
How is potential difference distributed across all elements in a series circuit?
How is potential difference distributed across all elements in a series circuit?
What does the principle of conservation of energy state about energy in a closed system?
What does the principle of conservation of energy state about energy in a closed system?
What is the total voltage in a series circuit with three resistors, each having a resistance of $R1$, $R2$, and $R3$?
What is the total voltage in a series circuit with three resistors, each having a resistance of $R1$, $R2$, and $R3$?
What is the equivalent resistance in a parallel circuit with three resistors, $R1$, $R2$, and $R3$?
What is the equivalent resistance in a parallel circuit with three resistors, $R1$, $R2$, and $R3$?
What does Kirchoff's second law state about the voltages in a series circuit?
What does Kirchoff's second law state about the voltages in a series circuit?
In a series circuit, how does the total resistance compare to individual resistances?
In a series circuit, how does the total resistance compare to individual resistances?
What happens to the current in a series circuit when more resistors are added?
What happens to the current in a series circuit when more resistors are added?
What does Ohm's law relate in an electrical circuit?
What does Ohm's law relate in an electrical circuit?
What is the key difference between a series circuit and a parallel circuit?
What is the key difference between a series circuit and a parallel circuit?
How can you determine the total resistance in a series circuit with three resistors of different values?
How can you determine the total resistance in a series circuit with three resistors of different values?
What enables us to calculate the voltage across each resistor in a series circuit?
What enables us to calculate the voltage across each resistor in a series circuit?
In a parallel circuit, what happens if one branch has a lower resistance compared to others?
In a parallel circuit, what happens if one branch has a lower resistance compared to others?
Which law states that the sum of currents entering a junction must equal the sum of currents leaving the junction?
Which law states that the sum of currents entering a junction must equal the sum of currents leaving the junction?
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Study Notes
Charge Conservation
- Kirchoff's first law: The total current flowing into a junction is equal to the current flowing out of that junction.
- In a series circuit, the current is the same everywhere in the circuit.
- In a parallel circuit, the sum of the currents in each parallel set of branches is equal to the total current.
Energy Conservation
- The principle of energy conservation states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, but can be transferred from one form to another.
- In a closed system, the total energy remains constant.
- Kirchoff's second law: The sum of all the voltages in a series circuit is equal to the battery voltage, or the sum of all the voltages in a loop is zero.
Series Circuits
- The battery p.d is shared across all elements in the circuit, and the sum of the voltages across all elements is equal to the supply p.d.
- Kirchoff's second law can be applied to find the total voltage: V = V1 + V2 + V3
- The total resistance in a series circuit is RT = R1 + R2 + R3 + ...
Parallel Circuits
- The potential difference across each branch is the same.
- The current in each branch can be found using Ohm's law: I1 = V/R1, I2 = V/R2, I3 = V/R3
- The total current is the sum of the currents in each branch: I = I1 + I2 + I3
- The total resistance in a parallel circuit is 1/RT = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3 + ...
Combining Resistances
- For series circuits, the total resistance is RT = R1 + R2 + R3 + ...
- For parallel circuits, the total resistance is 1/RT = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3 + ...
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