Kingdom Plantae: Producers and Classification
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Questions and Answers

To which group may the plant observed by Radha belong?

Angiosperms

Angiosperms differ from Gymnosperms in having __________.

vessels in wood

Match the following terms to their correct group.

  • Funaria (correct)
  • Haplontic and haplodiplontic life cycle (correct)
  • Chlamydomonas (correct)
  • Spirogyra (correct)
  • Nephrolepis (correct)

    • How would you place pea, jawar, and fern at their proper systematic position?

    <p>Draw a flow chart for each.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Stored food in Rhodophyceae is __________.

    <p>unknown</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Identify the plant groups based on the following features:

    <p>Spore producing plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should you observe in the practical project for the Nephrolepis plant?

    <p>Study the Nephrolepis plant in detail.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should you study regarding Cycas?

    <p>Study the coralloid roots, scale leaf, and megasporophyll in detail.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do we call plants producers on land?

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    What are the differences between sub-kingdoms Cryptogamae and Phanerogamae?

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    Differentiate between Thallophytes and Bryophytes.

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    Give any two examples of Pteridophyta.

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    What are the three major groups of Cryptogams?

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    Name the accessory pigments of algae.

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    What are the salient features of algae?

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    Differentiate between Chlorophyceae and Phaeophyceae.

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    Which is the dominant phase in Pteridophytes?

    <p>Sporophyte</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are Bryophyta called amphibians of Plant Kingdom?

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    Pteridophytes are also known as vascular Cryptogams - Justify.

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    Give one example of aquatic and xerophytic Pteridophytes.

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    The tallest living gymnosperm among the following is?

    <p>Sequoia sempervirens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the salient features of Angiospermae?

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    What is double fertilization?

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    Explain in brief two classes of Angiospermae?

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    Distinguish between Dicotyledonae and Monocotyledonae based on the following characters: a. Type of roots, b. Venation in the leaves, c. Symmetry of flower.

    <p>Flower symmetry: Dicotyledonae show tetra- or pentamerous; Monocotyledonae show trimerous.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is alternation of generations?

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    Which phase is dominant in the life cycle of Bryophyta and Pteridophyta?

    <p>Haplo-Diplontic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Kingdom Plantae

    • Classified into two sub-kingdoms: Cryptogamae (spore-producing plants) and Phanerogamae (seed-producing plants)

    Sub-kingdom Cryptogamae

    • Divided into three divisions: Thallophyta, Bryophyta, and Pteridophyta
    • Thallophyta (algal division):
      • Examples: Chlorella, Chlamydomonas, Spirogyra, Chara, and Sargassum
      • Characteristics: unicellular or multicellular, aquatic, and thalloid (undifferentiated plant body)
    • Bryophyta (mosses):
      • Examples: Riccia, Marchantia, and Funaria
      • Characteristics: terrestrial, thalloid or leafy, and amphibious (need water for fertilization and completion of life cycle)
      • Divided into two groups: liverworts and mosses
    • Pteridophyta (fern-like plants):
      • Examples: Ferns, Horsetail, and Lycopodium
      • Characteristics: vascular, heteromorphic alternation of generations, and terrestrial
      • Divided into four classes: Psilopsida, Lycopsida, Sphenopsida, and Pteropsida

    Sub-kingdom Phanerogamae

    • Divided into two classes: Gymnospermae and Angiospermae

    • Gymnospermae:

      • Examples: Cycas, Pinus, and Ginkgo biloba
      • Characteristics: vascular, naked seeds, and evergreen shrubs or trees
      • Plant body is sporophyte, with Xylem and Phloem
      • Stem is erect, solid, and cylindrical, with secondary growth
      • Leaves are dimorphic (foliage leaves and scale leaves)

    • Angiospermae:

      • Examples: Hibiscus, Peepal, Canna, and Tulsi
      • Characteristics: vascular, seeds enclosed within the fruit, and heteromorphic alternation of generations
      • Divided into two classes: Monocotyledonae and Dicotyledonae
      • Monocotyledonae:
        • Characteristics: single cotyledon in embryo, adventitious root system, and rarely branched stem
      • Dicotyledonae:
        • Characteristics: two cotyledons in embryo, tap root system, and branched stem### Angiosperms

    • Angiosperms are flowering plants with seeds formed in megasporangia (or ovules) borne on highly specialized megasporophylls called carpels.

    • They have conjoint, collateral, and closed vascular bundles in their stems.

    • Flowers are generally trimerous, with essential whorls of microsporophylls (Androecium) and megasporophylls (Gynoecium), and accessory whorls of calyx (sepals) and corolla (petals).

    • Angiosperms are subdivided into two classes: Dicotyledonae (Dicots) and Monocotyledonae (Monocots).

    Dicotyledonae (Dicots)

    • Characterized by two cotyledons in their embryo.
    • Tap root system and branched stem.
    • Leaves show reticulate venation and flowers have tetra- or pentamerous symmetry.
    • Vascular bundles are conjoint, collateral, and open, with cambium present for secondary growth.
    • Examples: Helianthus annuus (sunflower), Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (China rose).

    Monocotyledonae (Monocots)

    • Characterized by one cotyledon in their embryo.
    • Fibrous root system and unbranched stem.
    • Leaves show parallel venation and flowers have trimerous symmetry.
    • Vascular bundles are conjoint, collateral, and closed, with no cambium for secondary growth.
    • Examples: Zea mays (maize), Sorghum vulgare (jowar).

    Gymnosperms and Angiosperms

    • Gymnosperms and Angiosperms differ in that Angiosperms have enclosed seeds, whereas Gymnosperms have naked seeds.
    • Angiosperms have a more complex reproductive structure with carpels and stamens, whereas Gymnosperms have simpler reproductive structures with cones.

    Plant Life Cycle and Alternation of Generations

    • A plant's life cycle includes two phases: sporophyte (diploid) and gametophyte (haploid).
    • The sporophytic and gametophytic generations alternate in the life cycle of a plant.
    • In Bryophytes and Pteridophytes, the gametophyte is dominant, whereas in Gymnosperms and Angiosperms, the sporophyte is dominant.
    • The life cycle can be haplontic, diplontic, or haplo-diplontic, depending on the dominant phase.

    Life Cycle Types

    • Haplontic: Haploid multicellular organism, mitosis occurs in haploid cells, and zygote is formed after fertilization.
    • Diplontic: Diploid multicellular organism, mitosis occurs in diploid cells, and gametes are formed through meiosis.
    • Haplo-diplontic: Both haploid and diploid multicellular organisms, mitosis occurs in both haploid and diploid cells.

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    Kingdom Plantae PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge about Kingdom Plantae, including why plants are called producers and the differences between sub-kingdoms Cryptogamae and Phanerogamae.

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