Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the purpose of electromyography?
What is the purpose of electromyography?
- To monitor the propagation of motor unit action potential waves (correct)
- To determine the position of a body segment
- To calculate forces and moments in a body segment
- To measure linear velocity of a body segment
Which technology is NOT used for kinematic data collection according to the text?
Which technology is NOT used for kinematic data collection according to the text?
- Goniometer
- Accelerometers
- Piezoelectric sensors (correct)
- Light transducers
In standing kinetics, when is Inverse CoP calculation necessary?
In standing kinetics, when is Inverse CoP calculation necessary?
- When using capacitance gauge techniques
- When employing piezoelectric sensors
- When using strain gauge techniques
- When direct CoP calculation is not possible (correct)
What does Linear envelope processing of EMG signal involve?
What does Linear envelope processing of EMG signal involve?
Which technology is utilized for calculating forces, moments, energies, and powers using inverse solutions?
Which technology is utilized for calculating forces, moments, energies, and powers using inverse solutions?
What aspect of a body segment is measured by angular velocity in two planes?
What aspect of a body segment is measured by angular velocity in two planes?
What is the general assumption for the interpretation of multitasking paradigms related to capacity sharing?
What is the general assumption for the interpretation of multitasking paradigms related to capacity sharing?
What indicates process interference and the amount of shared resources in dual-task costs?
What indicates process interference and the amount of shared resources in dual-task costs?
What characterizes the interpretation of multitasking paradigms related to task switching?
What characterizes the interpretation of multitasking paradigms related to task switching?
In multitasking paradigms related to cross talk, what causes interference between tasks?
In multitasking paradigms related to cross talk, what causes interference between tasks?
What is required for postural control according to the text?
What is required for postural control according to the text?
What is the consequence of demands of task coordination by executive control processes in dual-task costs?
What is the consequence of demands of task coordination by executive control processes in dual-task costs?
According to William James, what is attention?
According to William James, what is attention?
Which part of the brain is responsible for detecting stimulus signals for focal processing in the anterior attentional system?
Which part of the brain is responsible for detecting stimulus signals for focal processing in the anterior attentional system?
What is the function of the Ascending arousal system in attention?
What is the function of the Ascending arousal system in attention?
Which type of attention involves fast, reflexive eye or gaze movements?
Which type of attention involves fast, reflexive eye or gaze movements?
What is the 'Spatial-cueing' paradigm mainly associated with?
What is the 'Spatial-cueing' paradigm mainly associated with?
In the 'Spatial-cueing' paradigm, what does the 'Disengage' mechanism refer to?
In the 'Spatial-cueing' paradigm, what does the 'Disengage' mechanism refer to?
'Zoom lens' of attentional spotlight is associated with which paradigm?
'Zoom lens' of attentional spotlight is associated with which paradigm?
What does the Anterior attentional system primarily focus on?
What does the Anterior attentional system primarily focus on?
'Spatial-cueing/priming' is an example of which type of attention?
'Spatial-cueing/priming' is an example of which type of attention?
What does the Posterior attentional system (orienting) primarily focus on?
What does the Posterior attentional system (orienting) primarily focus on?
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Study Notes
Electromyography and Kinematic Data
- Electromyography (EMG) is used to assess muscle activity, helping to understand neuromuscular function.
- Kinematic data collection excludes technologies like MRI scans, which do not capture motion analysis directly.
Standing Kinetics
- Inverse Center of Pressure (CoP) calculation is essential when assessing balance and stability during static or dynamic postures.
EMG Signal Processing
- Linear envelope processing of EMG signals involves smoothing and rectifying raw EMG data to evaluate muscle activation patterns.
Force and Motion Calculation
- Inverse dynamics, utilizing techniques such as force plates, calculates forces, moments, energies, and powers related to movement and biomechanics.
Angular Velocity
- Angular velocity measures the rate of rotation of a body segment in two planes, assessing motion dynamics during activities like walking or running.
Multitasking Paradigms
- General assumptions in multitasking paradigms suggest that individuals share cognitive resources, affecting performance levels.
- Dual-task costs are indicated by process interference, showing the burden on shared cognitive resources.
Task Switching
- Task switching in multitasking paradigms focuses on the cognitive shifts and the time taken to switch attention between different tasks.
Cross Talk in Multitasking
- Cross talk causes interference between tasks when one task negatively affects the performance of another due to overlapping cognitive resources.
Postural Control
- Effective postural control requires integration of sensory information, motor outputs, and the ability to adapt to environmental changes.
Executive Control Processes
- High demands on executive control processes for coordinating tasks result in increased dual-task costs and potential performance decrements.
Attention According to William James
- Attention is defined by William James as the ability to focus on specific stimuli while disregarding others.
Brain Regions and Attention
- The anterior attentional system's focal processing is centered in the prefrontal cortex, responsible for higher-order decision-making and focus.
Arousal in Attention
- The Ascending Arousal System is crucial for regulating alertness and overall awareness, influencing the readiness for attention shifts.
Types of Attention
- Reflexive attention involves rapid, involuntary eye or gaze movements that direct focus quickly to salient stimuli.
Spatial-Cueing Paradigm
- The 'Spatial-cueing' paradigm is mainly associated with investigating how cues direct attention and improve processing speed for targets.
Disengage Mechanism
- In the 'Spatial-cueing' paradigm, the 'Disengage' mechanism refers to the cognitive process of shifting attention away from one stimulus to another.
Attention Spotlight
- The 'Zoom lens' concept in attention is linked to the ability to adjust the focus of attention, encompassing either broad or narrow areas.
Anterior Attentional System
- Primarily focused on high-level executive functions, the Anterior attentional system manages goal-directed tasks and decision-making processes.
Spatial-Cueing/Prying Attention
- 'Spatial-cueing/priming' represents a top-down form of attention, priming the brain's response to expected stimuli.
Posterior Attentional System
- The Posterior attentional system, or orienting system, primarily concentrates on directing sensory attention to environmental inputs.
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