Kinetic-Molecular Theory of Matter Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What happens to molecules during the phase change from a liquid to a gas?

  • Speed up, move closer together, and absorb heat energy
  • Slow down, move closer together, and absorb heat energy
  • Speed up, move farther apart, and absorb heat energy (correct)
  • Speed up, move closer together, and release heat energy

Which phase change involves molecules moving closer together and releasing heat energy?

  • Gas to liquid
  • Solid to gas
  • Liquid to solid (correct)
  • Solid to liquid

What is the term for the phase change from a gas to a liquid?

  • Melting
  • Vaporization
  • Freezing
  • Condensation (correct)

During the phase change of sublimation from a solid to a gas, what happens to molecules?

<p>Speed up, move farther apart, and absorb heat energy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the heat movement during the phase change from solid to liquid?

<p>Heat leaves the solid as it melts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor has the greatest influence on the strength of dipole-dipole forces between molecules?

<p>Electronegativity difference (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are ion-dipole forces important in understanding the behavior of electrolytes in polar solvents?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do ion-dipole forces change as the charge on the ion increases?

<p>They increase in strength. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason that ionic compounds like sodium chloride can dissolve in polar solvents like water?

<p>Ion-dipole interactions between the ions and polar solvent molecules. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do dipole-dipole forces compare to hydrogen bonding in terms of strength?

<p>The relative strength depends on the electronegativity difference and bond length. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors would lead to the weakest dipole-dipole interactions between molecules?

<p>Large bond length and low electronegativity difference. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do ion-dipole forces affect the viscosity of an ionic solution in a polar solvent?

<p>They increase the viscosity by increasing the friction between solvent and solute molecules. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which property of a polar solvent is most affected by the strength of ion-dipole interactions?

<p>Solubility (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do ion-dipole forces compare to ionic bonds in terms of strength?

<p>The relative strength depends on the charges involved and the distance between the ions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following would have the weakest dipole-dipole interactions?

<p>Molecules with a small electronegativity difference and long bond length. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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