Kinesiology Week 2 Quiz
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Questions and Answers

In the context of a convex joint surface moving on a fixed concave surface, what direction does the glide occur relative to the roll?

  • Perpendicular to the roll
  • Variable depending on joint type
  • In the same direction as the roll
  • In the opposite direction to the roll (correct)

During open chain glenohumeral abduction, in which direction does the humeral head roll and glide respectively?

  • Lateral roll and medial glide
  • Inferior roll and superior glide
  • Medial roll and lateral glide
  • Superior roll and inferior glide (correct)

What is true regarding the roll direction for a given osteokinematic motion?

  • It varies based on joint position
  • It is consistent regardless of whether it is open or closed chain (correct)
  • It depends on the type of joint surface involved
  • It is always in the opposite direction of the glide

What occurs when a concave joint surface moves on a fixed convex surface?

<p>The glide occurs in the same direction as the roll (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the anatomical position, what is the typical movement of the humerus during shoulder abduction?

<p>The humerus moves superiorly (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines component movements in arthrokinematics?

<p>Accompanying motions that are essential for normal joint function but are not under voluntary control. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of joint play in joint mechanics?

<p>To create passive arthrokinematic movements that enhance joint mobility. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which force causes joint surfaces to move toward each other?

<p>Approximation force. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When joint play is restricted, what is the typical outcome on osteokinematic motion?

<p>Reduced osteokinematic motion. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of force involved in arthrokinematics?

<p>Rotational force. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In open chain shoulder flexion, what is the direction of the glide compared to the roll of the distal humerus?

<p>Posterior glide (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When analyzing closed chain shoulder flexion, which rule applies regarding the direction of the scapula relative to the humerus?

<p>Concave scapula moves anteriorly on convex humerus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the glide direction during open chain external rotation of the shoulder when the distal humerus rolls posteriorly?

<p>Anterior glide (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of CKC pronation at the talocrural joint, if the tibia rolls anteriorly, what is the glide direction?

<p>Anterior glide (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which injury risk is posed to the glenohumeral joint due to excessive overhead throwing in end-range external rotation?

<p>Labrum injury (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct definition of the term 'insertion' in relation to muscle anatomy?

<p>The point where a muscle ends, usually the less stable bone. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes 'active insufficiency' in muscle function?

<p>The reduced ability of a muscle to produce force when it is at a shortened length. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of muscle contractions, which of the following describes an 'ISOK' contraction?

<p>A contraction that involves movement at a consistent speed with varying tension. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following characteristics best distinguishes open kinetic chain activities from closed kinetic chain activities?

<p>Open chain activities involve the distal segment moving freely while the proximal segment is stable. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the 'angle of pull' in understanding muscle action?

<p>It impacts the potential torque a muscle can create at the joint it spans. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Convex on Concave Rule

When a convex joint surface moves on a fixed concave surface, the rolling motion occurs in the same direction as the moving bone. The gliding motion, however, happens in the opposite direction.

Roll

The movement of a bone around its joint axis, like a wheel rolling on the ground. It is always in the same direction as the overall motion of the bone.

Glide

The movement of a joint surface across another joint surface, like a hockey puck sliding across the ice. It can happen in the same or opposite direction as the overall motion of the bone.

Open Chain

Refers to a motion that involves the movement of one bone segment relative to another.

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Closed Chain

Refers to a motion that occurs when the distal segment of a chain is fixed, like pushing against a wall.

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Open Chain Shoulder Flexion Glide

In an open chain, the convex shape of the humerus rolls in the same direction as the overall shoulder flexion movement. However, it glides in the opposite direction, posteriorly.

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Closed Chain Shoulder Flexion Glide

In a closed chain, the concave shape of the scapula rolls in the same direction as the overall shoulder flexion movement (anteriorly). Since it is concave, the glide is also anteriorly.

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Open Chain Shoulder External Rotation Glide

In an open chain, the convex shape of the humerus rolls posteriorly during external rotation. The glide is in the opposite direction, anteriorly.

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Component Movements

Movement that happens alongside voluntary motion but cannot be controlled directly. It's essential for normal joint movement.

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Joint Play

Passive movements between joint surfaces caused by an external force that creates passive motion at a joint. Therapists can assess this.

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Traction Force

A force that pulls joint surfaces apart, increasing space between them.

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Shear Force

A force that causes joint surfaces to glide parallel to each other.

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Approximation Force

A force that pushes joint surfaces closer together, creating compression.

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Muscle Origin

The more stable bone where a muscle attaches, typically closer to the axial skeleton.

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Muscle Insertion

The more movable bone where a muscle attaches, typically further from the axial skeleton.

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Muscle Action

When a muscle contracts, its insertion moves towards its origin.

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Concentric Contraction

Contraction of a muscle that shortens the muscle and creates movement.

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Eccentric Contraction

Contraction of a muscle that lengthens the muscle, often controlling movement.

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Study Notes

Kinesiology Week 2

  • Covered arthrokinematics and the muscular system
  • Objectives included defining open (OKC) and closed chain (CKC) movements, reviewing advantages and disadvantages of each, defining arthrokinematic motion and types, and discussions about how joint surface shapes influence motion. Also included accessory motion, joint congruency, and open and close pack positions of joints.
  • Defined kinetic chains as series of rigid links connected to allow motion with a movement of one link causing motion in others in a predictable manner.
  • Differentiated between closed and open kinetic chains. Closed involves a fixed distal segment and moving proximal segment. Open involves a moving distal segment and a fixed proximal segment.
  • Explained the difference between osteokinematics (bone movement) and arthrokinematics (joint surface movement); arthrokinematic motion must accompany osteokinematic motion for normal joint movement. Arthrokinematics is not under voluntary control.
  • Identified three types of arthrokinematic motion: roll, glide, and spin
  • Expressed the convex-concave rule in relation to joint surface shape; a concave surface will roll and glide in the same direction as the distal end of the moving bone on the convex surface.
  • Presented applications and review questions about open and closed chain motions as they relate to body movements, such as shoulder flexion, shoulder external rotation, and pronation. These motions were analyzed in different positions and types of movement.
  • Reviewed accessory motion, including terminology defining component movements, joint play, and main forces (traction, shear, and approximation), as well as clinical relevance and examples of these forces.
  • Covered the characteristics of muscle tissue (irritability, contractility, extensibility, elasticity, passive and active tension), tone (hypertonia, normotonia, hypotonia, atonia), muscle excursion, and length-tension relationships in muscle tissue.
  • Described how muscles act as agonists, antagonists, stabilizers, and synergists and how the angle of pull, muscle size, and relative location to a joint axis are factors in determining roles of muscle groups and movements during activities.
  • Provided examples, such as shoulder flexion, shoulder external rotation, and pronation, across different planes, body movements, and joint positions to illustrate the concepts.
  • Presented learning objective statements as part of the study notes.
  • Reviewed muscle attachments (origin and insertion), their roles in movement, and reversals of muscle action.
  • Identified different types of muscle fibers (parallel and oblique – unipennate, bipennate, and multipennate) and their related functions.
  • Defined different types of muscle contractions (isotonic and isometric) and isokinetic contractions
  • Defined "across gravity" positions and how they are used in physical therapy
  • Summarized the concepts of single vs. multi-joint muscles, range of motion and stretching and length-tension relationships in muscle tissue.

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Description

This quiz covers key concepts from Week 2 of Kinesiology, focusing on arthrokinematics and the muscular system. You will learn about open and closed chain movements, accessory motions, joint congruency, and the importance of kinetic chains. Test your understanding of the interplay between osteokinematics and arthrokinematics.

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