Kinesiology Exam 2 Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is sports psychology?

The study of the psychological factors that come into play before, during, and after sport performance situations and the application of that knowledge.

What is applied sport psychology?

Concerned primarily with how theoretical concepts can be used in real-world settings to enhance performance and well-being of athletes.

What is exercise psychology?

Focuses on the general population and their exercise behaviors.

Who is known as the father of sport psychology?

Coleman Griffith Signup and view all the answers

What year was the first graduate program in sport psychology established?

1938 Signup and view all the answers

What are the main goals of applied sport psychology?

Enhance athletic performance Signup and view all the answers

Exercise psychology is focused primarily on athletes.

False Signup and view all the answers

In the 1960s, ______ focused on women in sport.

Dorothy Harris Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of the cognitive-behavioral approach in sport psychology?

Behaviors stem from individuals' thoughts and beliefs. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference between physical activity and exercise?

Physical activity is any type of bodily movement, whereas exercise is planned and structured to improve physical fitness. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a health-related component of physical fitness?

Agility Signup and view all the answers

Define stress in the context of exercise physiology.

The body's response to a stressor that interferes with normal physiology. Signup and view all the answers

What is the body's fuel source during exercise?

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) Signup and view all the answers

What does the principle of overload refer to in exercise training?

The need to increase the intensity of exercise for adaptations to occur. Signup and view all the answers

Match the following components of physical fitness with their types:

Aerobic capacity = Health-related Agility = Skill-related Body composition = Health-related Power = Skill-related Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of the outside-in approach?

Observable movements Signup and view all the answers

What does the inside-out approach begin with?

Anatomical structures Signup and view all the answers

What is Motor Control Research?

Begins with movement of interest and focuses on how that movement is regulated and controlled. Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of Motor Learning Research?

Changes in motor performance as a result of practice or experience. Signup and view all the answers

What does Motor Development Research focus on?

Changes in motor performance over time and the factors that underlie that change. Signup and view all the answers

Which tools are used in Motor Behavior Research?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What are some careers that use Motor Behavior?

Coaching, athletics, physical education, physical therapy, occupational therapy. Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of the sociology of sport, exercise, and PA?

The academic study of sport as a social phenomenon. Signup and view all the answers

What broader societal conditions influence sport and PA experiences?

Cultural, political, economic, and historical conditions. Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by 'Sociological Imagination'?

A framework to think about the world, connecting individual biography to the social world and historical conditions. Signup and view all the answers

What did Harry Edwards contribute to the sociology of sport?

Founded the Olympic Project for Human Rights Signup and view all the answers

What are the six major spheres studied in sociology of sport?

Economics, education, family, media, politics, religion. Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to study sociology of sport, exercise, and physical activity?

It addresses social inequities, improves quality of life, and challenges power structures. Signup and view all the answers

What components shape the sociological imagination?

Historical context, cultural conditions, structural components. Signup and view all the answers

What do structural theories explain?

Broad societal systems and how they meet the needs of members. Signup and view all the answers

What do cultural theories focus on?

Core values and collective meanings assigned to human interactions. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Sports Psychology

Focuses on psychological factors affecting athletes before, during, and after competitions.
Applied sports psychology enhances athlete performance and mental health through real-world application of theories.
Covers performance enhancement techniques like energy management, attentional focus, and positive self-talk.

Exercise Psychology

Targets non-athletes and their exercise behaviors to improve adoption and adherence.
Examines psychological influences, including self-esteem, motivation, and the effects of exercise on mental health.

Historical Milestones in Sports Psychology

Late 1800s: Norman Triplett conducted early cycling studies.
1919-1938: Coleman Griffith, known as the "Father of Sport Psychology," published notable works and established the first sports psychology lab.
1938: Franklin Henry established the first graduate program in sport psychology at UC Berkeley.
Early 1940s: Dorothy Yates applied psychology to collegiate athletes, particularly in relaxation techniques.

Professional Organizations and Publications

1965: The first World Congress on Sport Psychology held in Rome.
1979: The Journal of Sport Psychology was published, leading to the establishment of other journals focusing on applied sports psychology.

Roles of Sport Psychologists

Engaged in research, teaching at universities, and consulting with various athlete demographics, including professionals and Olympians.

Educational Pathways for Sport Psychologists

Requires a clinical or educational sports psychology background.
Focuses on mental skills development, such as goal-setting and anxiety management.

Theoretical Orientations in Sport Psychology

Psychophysiological: Athletic behavior is rooted in physiological processes.
Social-psychological: Interactions between personal and environmental factors influence behavior.
Cognitive-behavioral: Emphasizes the role of individual thoughts and beliefs in shaping behavior.

Major Topics of Research

Motivation: Explores intrinsic vs. extrinsic factors influencing athletes.
Psychological Skill Development (PSD): Focuses on enhancing performance through systematic mental skills practice.
Team/group dynamics: Investigates team formation, roles, norms, and cohesion levels.

Physical Activity vs. Exercise

Physical activity encompasses all bodily movement.
Exercise is a structured subset aimed at improving fitness.

Exercise Physiology

Studies the body's response and adaptation to physical stress.
Differentiates between acute (immediate) and chronic (long-term) effects of exercise.

Principles of Exercise Physiology

Overload principle: Increased physical activity leads to increased energy and oxygen demand.
Adaptive training: Regular exercise improves efficiency and reduces stress on the body.

Psychological Skill Development

A systematic practice approach that enhances performance through mental toughness, confidence, and other key skills.

Team Dynamics

Characterized by collective identity, roles, communication, and norms, crucial for team performance.
Cohesion-performance relationship highlights the link between team unity and success.

Motor Behavior and Control

Motor behavior studies how humans learn, control, and change their movements.
Categories include motor control (current performance), learning (change over time), and development (movement changes in early life stages).

Research Methods in Motor Control and Learning

Employs both qualitative and quantitative methods to analyze motor performance and skill acquisition.
Questions focus on factors influencing movement efficiency and decision-making processes.

Key Takeaways

The integration of sports psychology principles and exercise physiology is essential for optimizing athletic performance and overall health.
Understanding psychological factors is crucial for athletes, coaches, and sport professionals to enhance both performance and well-being.### Motor Development Research
Examines changes in motor performance over time and the factors that contribute to these changes.
Key considerations include growth, maturation, and long-term changes.
Longitudinal studies are crucial, tracking individuals over extended periods.
Research questions can involve the effects of interventions (e.g., treadmill training) on early walking or equipment adjustments on skill acquisition.

Motor Behavior Research Tools

Employ digital motion analysis and various biomedical instruments.
Electromyography (EMG) measures muscle activity.
Force plates assess ground reaction forces and motion.
Brain imaging techniques include Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Electroencephalogram (EEG), and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS).

Careers That Use Motor Behavior

Fields include coaching, athletics, physical education, physical therapy, and occupational therapy.
Military training increasingly incorporates motor behavior research, highlighting its practical applications in diverse settings.

Sociology of Sport, Exercise, and Physical Activity

Defined as the academic study of sport as a social phenomenon, considering its broader cultural, political, economic, and historical contexts.

Societal Conditions Affecting Sport and PA

Influenced by playing conditions such as rules and access to opportunities.
Consideration of who has access and the limitations placed on opportunities.
Historical contexts shape traditions and political environments around sports.

Cultural Practices in Sport and PA

Viewed as 'cultural practices' that govern everyday interactions in society.
Formal and informal norms dictate behaviors and expectations in sports contexts.

Research Focus

Investigates socialization processes and the impact of cultural norms and values.
Engages critical questions about prevailing beliefs and power relations.

Sociological Imagination by C. Wright Mills

A framework to understand the connection between personal biographies and the larger social world.
Encourages examination of historical context and individual life experiences.

History of Sociology of Sport in the U.S.

Emerged as an academic discipline in the 1960s.
Influential early events include Franklin Henry’s push for physical education as an academic field and the work of Kenyan and Loy.

Key Contributors

Harry Edwards established the Olympic Project for Human Rights, linking sport to social and political issues.
Significant texts include "Sport, Culture, and Society: A Reader" and "The Sociology of Sport".

Major Organizations and Publications

The International Sociology of Sport Association (ISSA) was founded in 1965, promoting scholarly discussions in this field.
The North American Society for the Sociology of Sport (NASSS) was formed in 1978, creating an avenue for research publication through the Sociology of Sport Journal.

Major Topics in the Sociology of Sport

Explores gender, race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, youth sport, socialization, and commercialization.
Analyzes how major societal spheres, such as economics, education, family, media, politics, and religion, intersect with sports.

Importance of Studying Sociology of Sport

Highlights its applicability to various kinesiology professions and its potential to challenge the status quo and address social inequities.
Seeks to improve quality of life and social conditions through informed perspectives on sport and physical activity.

Key Components of Sociological Imagination

Historical context involves current political and economic conditions.
Cultural conditions refer to established ideologies and norms that influence behavior.
Structural components encompass stable life spheres, shaping traditions and practices.

Emile Durkheim's Contributions

Stressed the impact of social facts and currents on individual behavior.
Social facts include institutions and governance structures; social currents encompass collective emotional influences.

Theories in Sociology

Theories are tested explanations of societal functioning, categorized by focus and core explanations.
Structural theories examine societal systems and their efficacy in meeting member needs.
Cultural theories explore values and meanings assigned to human interactions.

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Description

Test your knowledge on kinesiology concepts with these flashcards. This quiz focuses on key terms and definitions in sports psychology and applied sport psychology. Perfect for students preparing for Exam 2 in their kinesiology course.