Movements at Synovial Joints Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

Which of these are the main categories of movements at synovial joints? (Select all that apply)

Special movements (correct)
Gliding (correct)
Rotational movements
Angular movements (correct)

What is gliding movement?

Simple movement in which nearly flat bone surfaces move back-and-forth and side-to-side with respect to one another.

What is an example of gliding movement?

The intercarpal and intertarsal joints.

What are the major angular movements?

Flexion, extension, lateral flexion, hyperextension, abduction, adduction, and circumduction. Signup and view all the answers

What is flexion?

Decrease in the angle between the articulating bones. Signup and view all the answers

What is extension?

Increase in the angle between the articulating bones. Signup and view all the answers

What is lateral flexion?

Sideways movement of one or more sections of the spine. Signup and view all the answers

What is hyperextension?

Continuation of extension beyond the anatomical position. Signup and view all the answers

What is abduction?

Movement of a bone away from the midline. Signup and view all the answers

What is adduction?

Movement of a bone toward the midline. Signup and view all the answers

What is circumduction?

Movement of the distal end of a body part in a circle. Signup and view all the answers

What is rotation?

Bone revolves around its own longitudinal axis. Signup and view all the answers

What are the special movements?

Elevation, depression, protraction, retraction, inversion, eversion, dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, supination, pronation, and opposition. Signup and view all the answers

What is elevation?

Superior movement of a part of the body. Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of elevation in the human body?

Closing the mouth at the temporomandibular joint. Signup and view all the answers

What is depression?

Inferior movement of a part of the body. Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of depression in the human body?

Opening the mouth to depress the mandible. Signup and view all the answers

What is protraction?

Movement of a part of the body anteriorly in the transverse plane. Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of protraction in the human body?

Thrusting the mandible outwards. Signup and view all the answers

What is retraction?

Movement of a protracted part of the body back to the anatomical position. Signup and view all the answers

What is inversion?

Movement of the sole medially at the intertarsal joints. Signup and view all the answers

What is eversion?

Movement of the sole laterally at the intertarsal joints. Signup and view all the answers

What is dorsiflexion?

The bending of the foot at the ankle in the direction of the superior surface. Signup and view all the answers

When does dorsiflexion occur?

When you stand on your heels. Signup and view all the answers

What is plantar flexion?

Bending of the foot at the ankle joint in the direction of the plantar or inferior surface. Signup and view all the answers

When does plantar flexion occur?

When you stand on your tippy toes. Signup and view all the answers

What is supination?

Movement of the forearm at the proximal and distal radioulnar joints in which the palm is turned anteriorly. Signup and view all the answers

What is pronation?

Movement of the forearm where the radius crosses over the ulna and the palm turns posteriorly. Signup and view all the answers

What is opposition?

Where your thumb can touch the tips of your other fingers. Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Types of Movements at Synovial Joints

Movements at synovial joints are classified into four categories: gliding, angular movements, rotation, and special movements.

Gliding Movements

Simple motion where flat bone surfaces slide back-and-forth and side-to-side against each other.
Example locations include intercarpal and intertarsal joints.

Angular Movements

Result in an increase or decrease in the angle between articulating bones.
Major types include:
- Flexion: Decreases the angle between bones.
- Extension: Increases the angle, often restoring the anatomical position.
- Lateral flexion: Sidewise bending of the spine.
- Hyperextension: Extending beyond the normal anatomical position.
- Abduction: Movement away from the midline of the body.
- Adduction: Movement toward the midline.
- Circumduction: Circular movement of the distal end of a body part.

Rotation

Involves a bone revolving around its own longitudinal axis.

Special Movements

Unique motions occurring at specific joints, including:
- Elevation: Moving a body part superiorly.
- Depression: Moving a body part inferiorly.
- Protraction: Moving a body part anteriorly in the transverse plane.
- Retraction: Returning a protracted part to anatomical position.
- Inversion: Medial movement of the sole at intertarsal joints (supination).
- Eversion: Lateral movement of the sole at intertarsal joints (pronation).
- Dorsiflexion: Bending the foot upward at the ankle.
- Plantar flexion: Bending the foot downward at the ankle.
- Supination: Forearm movement turning the palm anteriorly.
- Pronation: Forearm movement turning the palm posteriorly.
- Opposition: Ability of the thumb to touch the tips of other fingers.

Examples of Special Movements

Elevation: Example includes closing the mouth at the temporomandibular joint.
Depression: Example includes opening the mouth to lower the mandible.
Protraction: Example of thrusting the mandible outward.
Inversion: Supination occurs at intertarsal joints.
Eversion: Pronation occurs at intertarsal joints.
Dorsiflexion: Happens when standing on heels.
Plantar flexion: Happens when standing on tiptoes.

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