Day 11
48 Questions
1 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What degree measurement typically indicates foot compensations?

  • > 30°
  • < 20° (correct)
  • = 25°
  • < 10°

What does static balance refer to?

  • Balancing only during dynamic movements
  • Keeping the center of gravity within the base of support while stationary (correct)
  • Maintaining a moving position without support
  • Requiring assistance to maintain posture

Which type of balance is NOT included in the definitions provided?

  • Dynamic balance
  • Reactive balance
  • Peripheral balance (correct)
  • Static balance

What does 'steadiness' measure in the context of balance?

<p>The amount of sway during static posture (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of flexibility?

<p>The ability of a joint to move through its full range of motion. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect does 'robustness' in balance measurements refer to?

<p>The tolerance to change in parameters (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Assessments measuring how quickly one can return to a reference point after a disturbance evaluate which performance aspect?

<p>Robustness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes mobility?

<p>The amount of motion available at a joint and the ease of movement. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the ability to react to external disturbances?

<p>Reactive balance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does NOT limit flexibility?

<p>Muscular strength (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is most closely associated with maintaining balance during voluntary movements?

<p>Dynamic balance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of stretching involves holding a stretch for 15-60 seconds?

<p>Static stretching (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes isometric stretching?

<p>Stretching against an immobile force. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stretching method is characterized by rapid muscle lengthening through bouncing movements?

<p>Ballistic stretching (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about flexibility is true?

<p>Limited flexibility in one joint affects adjacent joints. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception about flexibility?

<p>Flexibility can be generalized across all joints. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical magnitude of performance changes induced by SS, DS, and PNF stretching when testing is performed shortly after stretching?

<p>Small to moderate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which flexibility assessment tool consists of a 180-degree protractor and two movable arms?

<p>Goniometer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is essential for producing reliable and valid measurements in flexibility tests?

<p>Competency and proficiency (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a bubble inclinometer in flexibility assessment?

<p>Determine center of gravity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which skill is necessary to conduct a proper flexibility test?

<p>Reading measurements correctly (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stretching technique is associated with a performance change of -4.4%?

<p>Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'normal end-feels' refer to in flexibility testing?

<p>The expected resistance at the end of a range of motion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of flexibility assessment tool uses gravity to establish a 'zero' point?

<p>Flexometer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a tool for assessing flexibility?

<p>Kettle bell (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the recommended testing positions for assessing flexibility?

<p>Move a body part through the appropriate range of motion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage increase in performance is associated with dynamic stretching (DS)?

<p>1.3% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which skill involves locating the appropriate anatomical landmarks during testing?

<p>Palpating appropriate bony landmarks (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding the short-term effects of stretching?

<p>Performance changes are often small to moderate. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done after taking measurements during flexibility testing?

<p>Record the measurements correctly (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a required skill for flexibility testing?

<p>Correctly interpreting age-related norms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a balance test primarily measure?

<p>Postural stability (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of instrument alignment in flexibility assessments?

<p>To ensure accurate measurement readings (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which test is categorized as a postural steadiness test?

<p>Balance error scoring system (BESS) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which option best describes the difference between balance and stability?

<p>Balance is about center of gravity; stability is about returning to position. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of examining the quality and quantity of every joint during mobility assessment?

<p>To fully assess movement capabilities (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of test evaluates performance during a dynamic activity?

<p>Functional reach test (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be inferred about the relationship between balance and stability?

<p>They are different motor qualities needing distinct tests. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a method to assess postural steadiness?

<p>Sit and reach test (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to follow the correct procedures during balance tests?

<p>To reduce measurement error (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most significant contributor to poor flexibility?

<p>Sedentary living (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of joint flexibility can muscle temperature influence?

<p>20% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of elongation is described as the permanent lengthening of soft tissue?

<p>Plastic elongation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does age have on flexibility?

<p>Decreases extensibility of soft tissue (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group is generally found to be more mobile?

<p>Females (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of tissue is specifically noted for undergoing plastic elongation?

<p>Joint capsules (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the general consensus about stretching before exercise regarding its effect on injury risk?

<p>There is no evidence it negatively influences injury risk (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of tissue provides structure, elasticity, and bulk mass to muscles?

<p>Connective tissue (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Musculoskeletal Fitness

The ability of the musculoskeletal system to perform its functions effectively and efficiently.

Flexibility

The range of motion achievable at a joint or group of joints without injury.

Range of Motion (ROM)

The extent to which a joint can move.

Ankylosis

A condition of stiffness or immobility in a joint.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hypermobility

Abnormal joint flexibility.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Mobility

The amount of motion available at a joint and ease of moving through ROM.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Static Stretching

Slow, sustained muscle lengthening held for a period.

Signup and view all the flashcards

PNF Stretching

Passive stretching after an antagonistic muscle contraction.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Sedentary living's impact on flexibility

A sedentary lifestyle is the main factor decreasing flexibility.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Muscle temperature and flexibility

Higher muscle temperature increases joint flexibility by about 20%.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Adipose tissue and flexibility

Fat tissue around joints limits flexibility.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Injury and scar tissue's impact on flexibility

Muscle injuries and scar tissue can make flexibility temporary or permanent.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Plastic elongation

Permanent stretching of soft tissues like ligaments and tendons.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Elastic elongation

Temporary stretching of soft tissues like muscles.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Sex differences in flexibility

Women generally exhibit greater flexibility than men.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Age's effect on flexibility

Age negatively affects flexibility, decreasing extensibility of soft tissues.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Acute effects of stretching

Small to moderate changes in performance after stretching, especially when tested immediately.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Goniometer

A tool for measuring joint angles.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Goniometer components

A 180-degree protractor with two movable arms that align with anatomical landmarks to measure range of motion.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Bubble inclinometer

Tool using a bubble to measure the angle of a joint or body movement, based on its centre of gravity.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Flexometer

A tool using gravity and a weighted dial to establish a zero point and measure flexibility.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Flexibility assessment tools

Tools used to measure the range of motion for evaluating flexibility

Signup and view all the flashcards

Performance change after stretching

Stretching can cause changes of small to moderate magnitude in physical performance, especially right after stretching.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Key takeaways from stretching research

Effect of stretching on performance is temporary and often minor when tested immediately after.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Goniometric Measurements

Measurements of joint angles using a goniometer, a tool used to measure the range of motion at a joint.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Palpating Bony Landmarks

Identifying and feeling specific bones to accurately position the goniometer during a range of motion assessment.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Normal End-Feels

The feeling you get when you reach the end of a joint's range of motion, indicating the type of tissue limit.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Recommended Testing Position

The specific position or posture of the limb or body during a goniometric test.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Instrument Alignment

Ensuring the goniometer is properly positioned and aligned on the body to obtain accurate measurements.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Move a Body Part Through ROM

The action of guiding the body part through its full range of motion while using the goniometer.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Read Measurements Correctly

Properly interpreting the angles displayed on the goniometer.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Record Measurements Correctly

Writing down the goniometric measurements accurately to track progress and identify any limitations.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Balance

The ability to maintain your body's center of gravity within your base of support while standing still, moving, or reacting to unexpected shifts.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Static Balance

Maintaining balance while holding a still position.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Dynamic Balance

Maintaining balance while moving.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Reactive Balance

Maintaining balance after a sudden change in position.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Functional Balance

Maintaining balance while performing everyday activities.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Steadiness

Measuring how much your body sways while standing still.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Robustness

The ability to handle changes in your body's position or environment without losing balance.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Performance

How quickly and accurately you can regain your balance after a sudden change.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Balance Test

A test used to measure a person's ability to maintain their center of gravity over their base of support.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Limits of Sway

The maximum range of movement allowed before losing balance.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Romberg Test

A common balance test where an individual stands with feet together and eyes closed.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Unipedal Stance Test

A balance test requiring the individual to stand on one leg, with or without eyes closed.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Balance Error Scoring System (BESS)

A comprehensive balance test using various tasks to measure static and dynamic balance.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

KIN 3110 | Advanced Fitness Assessment

  • Course instructor: Robert Gumieak, PhD
  • Course content includes: re-cap of previous class/lab, reading material on musculoskeletal fitness, and key questions.
  • Key questions: types of musculoskeletal fitness, differences between types, types of contractions, factors affecting musculoskeletal performance, and their impact on musculoskeletal performance.

Flexibility

  • Definition: ability of a joint to move through its full range of motion without injury.
  • Ankylosis vs. Hypermobility: If one joint lacks proper ROM, adjacent joints compensate.
  • Factors limiting flexibility: joint structure, ligaments, muscle elasticity, injury, disease.
  • Flexibility is joint-specific. There is no such thing as a "flexible person" (with few exceptions for rare genetic conditions).

Mobility

  • Definition: amount of motion available at a joint(s) and ease with which the joint(s) move through the range of motion (ROM).

Stretching Methods

  • Passive: slow, sustained muscle lengthening with a partner.
  • Static: slow, sustained muscle lengthening held for 15-60 seconds.
  • Isometric: static stretching against an immobile force.
  • Ballistic: rapid lengthening using jerking or bouncing movements.
  • PNF (Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation): passive muscle lengthening with a partner after an antagonistic muscle contracts.

Factors Impacting Flexibility

  • Sedentary living: most significant contributor.
  • Muscle temperature: responsible for up to 20% of joint flexibility. Important for warming up.
  • Adipose (fat) tissue: amount in and around joints and muscles.
  • Injury to muscle tissue: and skin from excessive scar tissue can impact flexibility.
  • Flexibility enhancement: may be temporary (elastic) or permanent (plastic).
  • Plastic elongation: permanent lengthening of soft tissues (such as joint capsules, ligaments, tendons).
  • Elastic elongation: temporary lengthening of soft tissues (such as muscle).

Factors Impacting Flexibility (Continued)

  • Amount of connective tissues (muscles, tendons, ligaments): influence flexibility.
  • Connective tissue structure: Provides structure, elasticity and bulk (approximately 30% of muscle mass). Includes collagen and elastin.
  • Sex: Females tend to be more mobile than males.
  • Age: decreases the extensibility of soft tissues.

Acute Effects of Stretching on Performance & Injury Risk

  • Pre-activity stretching can somewhat improve performance but may not reduce injury risk.
  • No clear evidence that stretching negatively impacts injury risk.
  • Some evidence conflicting about whether stretching before exercise reduces delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS).

Tools to Assess Flexibility

  • Goniometers: 180-degree protractor with two movable arms
    • Aligned to anatomical landmarks
    • Measured across the range of motion
  • Bubble inclinometers: Universal centre of gravity is used to establish a "zero" point with a weighted dial. Similar to bubble inclinometers.
  • Flexometers: use gravity to determine "zero" point, similar to bubble inclinometers.

Tests of Flexibility (Mobility)

  • Various assessment methods for evaluating flexibility. Include different movements.

Techniques and Procedures

  • Competency and proficiency needed to obtain reliable and valid measurements.
  • Knowledge of anatomical bony landmarks and recommended testing positions.
  • Understanding of normal end-feels.
  • Palpating accurate bony landmarks; moving body parts through ROM; reading measurements correctly; and aligning instruments.

Reference Values for Goniometric Measurements

  • Table providing range of motion (ROM) values for various joints (e.g., shoulder, elbow, hip, knee, ankle).

Use of Goniometric Measurements

  • Individuals with foot compensations often measure less than 20 degrees.

Balance Tests

  • Postural Steadiness Tests
    • Romberg Test
    • Unipedal Stance Test
    • Balance Error Scoring System (BESS)
    • Unstable Platform Test
  • Reach Tests
    • Sit and Reach
    • Functional Reach
    • Star-excursion Balance Test
  • Postural Stability Tests
    • Modified Bass
  • Different standardized tests with varying reliability, equipment needs, advantages, and disadvantages, depending on the population assessed.

Definitions of Terms

  • Balance: ability to maintain the center of gravity over the base of support.
  • Stability: ability to return to a desired position or trajectory following a disturbance.
  • Steadiness: amount of sway during static posture maintenance.

What are We Measuring?

  • Robustness: reflect the tolerance to change in parameters for tests that measure quick return to reference point after disturbance (i.e. during balance tasks).
  • Steadiness: limits of sway.
  • Performance: during static or dynamic tests.

Summary of Mobility and Balance

  • A thorough assessment of mobility requires examination of quality, quantity, and end feel.
  • Balance is maintaining the center of gravity within the base of support.
  • Stability is the ability to return to the desired position after a disturbance.

Review Questions

  • Difference between isokinetic and isotonic contraction; common use for fitness assessments
  • Importance of muscular fitness with aging.
  • Benefits and application of flexibility assessments.
  • Four factors impacting flexibility.
  • Active vs. passive range of motion (ROM).
  • Limitations and challenges of goniometry.

Next Class

  • Topic: Physical employment standards.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

KIN 3110 Advanced Fitness Assessment PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on advanced fitness assessment techniques, focusing on musculoskeletal fitness. This quiz covers key questions regarding flexibility, mobility, and factors affecting musculoskeletal performance. Perfect for students in KIN 3110 looking to solidify their understanding.

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser