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Questions and Answers
What does ASCII stand for?
What does ASCII stand for?
American Standard Code for Information Interchange
How many characters does ASCII originally encode?
How many characters does ASCII originally encode?
128
A parity bit is used for error detection.
A parity bit is used for error detection.
True
What are the two parity methods mentioned?
What are the two parity methods mentioned?
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What is the function of a cyclic redundancy check?
What is the function of a cyclic redundancy check?
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A checksum is appended to a block of data at the ______ end.
A checksum is appended to a block of data at the ______ end.
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What are analog signals?
What are analog signals?
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What is a characteristic of digital signals?
What is a characteristic of digital signals?
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Which of the following are advantages of digital systems?
Which of the following are advantages of digital systems?
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What does a Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC) do?
What does a Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC) do?
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What is the binary system based on?
What is the binary system based on?
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How is a signed binary number's sign determined?
How is a signed binary number's sign determined?
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What is 1’s complement?
What is 1’s complement?
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Which of the following does NOT represent a common numbering system in digital technology?
Which of the following does NOT represent a common numbering system in digital technology?
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The value of a decimal number is determined by the sum of its digits multiplied by their weights.
The value of a decimal number is determined by the sum of its digits multiplied by their weights.
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What is the purpose of a Binary Coded Decimal (BCD)?
What is the purpose of a Binary Coded Decimal (BCD)?
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Describe the Gray code.
Describe the Gray code.
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Which method can be used to convert decimal fractions to binary?
Which method can be used to convert decimal fractions to binary?
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Study Notes
Number Systems Overview
- Two main types of signals exist: Analog and Digital.
- Analog signals represent continuous values and can handle higher power compared to digital systems.
- Digital signals consist of discrete values, primarily represented in binary (0 or 1).
Advantages of Digital Systems
- Simplified design and ease of information storage.
- Enhanced accuracy and precision.
- Programmability allows for diverse functionalities.
- Greater resistance to noise.
- Digital circuits are easier to fabricate, especially in integrated circuits (IC).
Signal Conversion
- Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC) regenerates analog signals from digital form.
- Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) produces a digital representation of analog signals.
Digital Waveforms
- Ideal and non-ideal pulses can shape digital signals, differing mainly in quality and voltage representation.
Common Number Systems in Digital Tech
- Decimal: Base 10 (0-9).
- Binary: Base 2 (0, 1) with weights based on powers of two.
- Octal: Base 8 (0-7).
- Hexadecimal: Base 16 (0-9, A-F).
Binary Number System
- Each binary digit represents a power of two, and the value is the sum of these powers based on the digit's position.
- Conversion to decimal involves summing the binary weights for each position.
Conversion Methods
- Decimal to Binary: Use the Sum-of-Weights and Repeated Division-by-2 methods.
- Binary Fractions: Convert using the Sum-of-Weights and Repeated Multiplication methods.
Complements in Binary
- 1's Complement: Inverse the bits (0 to 1 and vice versa).
- 2's Complement: 1's complement plus one, used for signed representation in binary arithmetic.
Signed Binary Representation
- Sign bit indicates positive (0) or negative (1) values in a binary number.
- Representations include sign-magnitude, 1's complement, and 2's complement.
Floating-Point Representation
- Uses scientific notation to accommodate very large or small numbers.
- A 32-bit single precision format includes a sign bit, exponent (with bias), and a mantissa.
Arithmetic with Signed Numbers
- Operations like addition and subtraction (using 2's complement) must account for sign and potential overflow.
Octal and Hexadecimal Systems
- Octal uses base 8, while Hexadecimal uses base 16.
- Each octal digit converts to a 3-bit binary, and each hex digit covers a 4-bit binary segment.
Binary-Coded Decimal (BCD)
- Each decimal digit representation uses 4 bits.
- Valid digits are 0-9; 10-15 are invalid.
Gray Code
- Designed to prevent errors in digital systems by ensuring only one bit changes at a time.
- It consists of unweighted code.
Error Detection Techniques
- Parity Bit: Adds a bit to ensure the sum of 1s in a byte is even or odd.
- Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC): A checksum added to data blocks for error detection, comparing sender and receiver checksums for validity.
ASCII Encoding
- Represents alphanumeric characters using a 7-bit binary system, encoding up to 128 characters and symbols.
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Description
This quiz covers key concepts of digital systems with a focus on number systems. It explores the differences between analog and digital signals, highlighting how analog systems handle a continuous range of values. Prepare to deepen your understanding of these foundational concepts in your digital systems course.
