Kidney Structure and Function Quiz

<p>Aldosterone (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Excreting H+ ions and reabsorbing HCO3- (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Smaller proteins are filtered more readily than larger proteins. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sodium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They filter blood components to form urine. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>120 mL/min/1.73 m² (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Approximately 99% of water is reabsorbed back into the body. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It may not necessarily imply normal renal function. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Albumin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Serum creatinine test (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bilirubin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glomerulonephritis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is directly proportional to muscle mass. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Impaired water reabsorption by the tubules (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Urine osmolality should rise (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Response of renal tubules to desmopressin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>5 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Renal threshold for amino acids is exceeded or tubular damage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Urine output less than 400 mL/24 hours (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Progressive loss of kidney function over months or years (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To estimate the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>120 mL/min (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To minimize the impact of a meat-rich diet on plasma creatinine levels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Minimum level of CrCl needed to maintain life without dialysis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It does not require urine collection for assessment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glomerular membrane damage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Effective renal tubular concentrating ability (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Serum urea concentration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Basic functional unit of the kidney responsible for filtering waste and regulating fluid balance.

The process of filtering blood in the glomerulus, producing a fluid called ultrafiltrate.

The reabsorption of essential molecules back into the bloodstream from the tubules.

The secretion of waste products and excess substances from the blood into the tubules.

The primary function of the kidney to rid the body of metabolic waste products like urea, creatinine, and uric acid.

The kidney's role in maintaining the body's internal environment (homeostasis) by regulating water, electrolytes, pH, and blood pressure.

The kidney's ability to produce hormones like erythropoietin, renin, and vitamin D3, which influence red blood cell production, blood pressure, and calcium regulation.

The product of kidney filtration, consisting mainly of water, waste products, and electrolytes.

The rate at which blood is filtered through the glomeruli per minute, typically around 120 mL/min/1.73 m2 in a healthy adult.

A measure of how well your kidneys are working by assessing how much creatinine is filtered out in your urine. It is a reliable indicator of GFR.

A protein found in the blood that is filtered by the glomeruli, but normally not present in urine. An elevated level in urine can indicate kidney damage.

A test that measures the concentration of waste products, such as urea, creatinine, and uric acid, in the blood. These waste products are normally filtered by the kidneys. Elevated levels can indicate problems with kidney function.

The measurement of the concentration of dissolved particles in a solution, typically urine. It reflects the kidneys' ability to concentrate or dilute urine.

A test that assesses how your kidneys respond to water deprivation by checking for the ability to concentrate your urine. It reflects the function of the collecting ducts.

The measurement of the pH of urine. It helps determine how well the kidneys are regulating acidity.

The presence of glucose in urine, which can be a sign of diabetes or other conditions affecting glucose regulation.

Plasma creatinine levels can be influenced by meat intake and strenuous exercise. Fasting and avoiding intense physical activity before blood collection are crucial for accurate creatinine measurements.

A measure of how efficiently the kidneys filter waste products from the blood. It indicates kidney function by assessing the amount of creatinine cleared per minute.

The minimum CrCl value required to maintain life without needing dialysis.

A method for estimating GFR using a formula that considers serum creatinine, age, sex, and race. This eliminates the need for urine collection.

A small protein produced by cells. Its concentration in the blood reflects GFR more accurately than creatinine as it is not influenced by muscle mass or gender.

A marker of glomerular damage. When albumin levels in urine exceed 250 mg/day, it indicates serious glomerular membrane damage.

Tubular dysfunctions, unlike glomerular issues, affect the kidneys' ability to manage urine concentration, acid excretion, and reabsorption of essential substances.

The ratio of urine osmolality to plasma osmolality, typically ranging from 2 to 3, reflects the kidney's ability to concentrate urine. A ratio lower than 2 indicates impaired water reabsorption by the tubules.

A rare condition characterized by the inability to concentrate urine due to insufficient ADH secretion or lack of kidney response to ADH. This results in excessive water loss in urine, causing polyuria and thirst.

A condition where the kidney tubules fail to respond to ADH, leading to dilute urine and excessive water loss. This is a cause of diabetes insipidus.

A test that assesses the kidney's ability to acidify urine. It involves measuring the urine pH after inducing metabolic acidosis. Elevated pH (>5.3) indicates tubular dysfunction.

Small proteins normally filtered and reabsorbed by the kidney tubules. Elevated levels in urine indicate damage to the renal tubules.

The presence of glucose in urine when blood glucose levels are normal. It indicates the renal tubules' inability to reabsorb glucose.

An elevated amount of amino acids in urine, either due to exceeding the renal threshold or damage to the renal tubules. Amino acids are usually reabsorbed by the kidneys.