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Questions and Answers
What is the primary management strategy for Calcium Phosphate/Oxalate stones?
What is the primary management strategy for Calcium Phosphate/Oxalate stones?
- Antibiotic therapy and lithotripsy
- Thiazide diuretics and potassium citrate (correct)
- Low-purine diet and allopurinol
- Sodium restriction and mercaptopropionyl glycine
Which stone type is most commonly associated with urinary tract infections caused by Proteus species?
Which stone type is most commonly associated with urinary tract infections caused by Proteus species?
- Struvite (correct)
- Calcium Phosphate/Oxalate
- Uric Acid
- Cystine
What is a recommended dietary change for managing Uric Acid stones?
What is a recommended dietary change for managing Uric Acid stones?
- Follow a low-purine diet (correct)
- Increase calcium intake
- Limit protein intake from all sources
- Increase potassium-rich foods
What is the main risk factor for Cystine stones?
What is the main risk factor for Cystine stones?
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Which treatment is specifically indicated for Struvite stones?
Which treatment is specifically indicated for Struvite stones?
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Study Notes
Kidney Stones: Types, Incidence, and Management
- Calcium Phosphate/Oxalate Stones are the most common type, accounting for 75-80% of all kidney stones.
- Hypercalciuria, dehydration, and certain medical conditions increase the risk of these stones.
- Management typically involves thiazide diuretics and potassium citrate.
- Limiting sodium and animal protein as well as increasing hydration are also recommended.
Struvite Stones
- Struvite stones account for 15-20% of all kidney stones.
- Urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by the bacteria Proteus are primary risk factors.
- Antibiotic therapy is essential.
- Surgical intervention or lithotripsy may be necessary.
Uric Acid Stones
- Uric acid stones make up 5-10% of all kidney stones.
- Gout and increased purine intake are common risk factors.
- Potassium citrate and allopurinol are often used in management..
- A low-purine diet and increased hydration are important.
Cystine Stones
- Cystine stones are rare, caused by a genetic defect.
- Management involves mercaptopropionyl glycine and potassium citrate.
- Sodium restriction and increased hydration are crucial.
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