Kidney Function and Medical Terms Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the normal range for Creatinine (CR) in mg/dl?

  • 4.0-6.0
  • 2.0-3.5
  • 1.8-2.4
  • 0.6-1.3 (correct)

    • What does a high level of Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) indicate?

  • Low muscle metabolism
  • Healthy kidney function
  • Kidney dysfunction (correct)
  • High blood pressure

    • What does Hemodialysis use to clean the blood?

  • Antibiotics
  • Medicinal herbs
  • Artificial kidney (dialyzer) (correct)
  • Red blood cells

    • What do Diuretic Drugs help to reduce in the body?

    <p>Fluid build up</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Renin regulate in the body?

    <p>Blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Angiotensin II cause in the blood vessels?

    <p>Narrowing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors help to do?

    <p>Relax the veins and arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the other name for Vasopressin?

    <p>ADH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens in Metabolic Acidosis?

    <p>Too much acid builds up in the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes Metabolic Alkalosis?

    <p>Body’s pH greater than 7.45</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is blood pressure sensed in the body?

    <p>By baroreceptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs in Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)?

    <p>The heart is unable to pump enough blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equation for Mean Arterial Blood Pressure (MABP)?

    <p>MAP=(2xDBP)+SBP/3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal urine output per hour?

    <p>60 ml/hr</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the kidneys?

    <p>Condition the blood plasma and maintain fluid homeostasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a component of the nephron?

    <p>Renal pelvis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average number of nephrons per kidney in an 80-year-old person?

    <p>Less than 50% of the number in a 40-year-old</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the juxtaglomerular apparatus?

    <p>Regulate blood pressure and secrete renin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of a normal blood pressure (MABP > 70 mmHg) on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

    <p>Maintains a healthy GFR for adequate urine output</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of angiotensin II in the autoregulation of GFR?

    <p>Vasoconstriction affecting efferent arteriole to raise filtration pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of reduced vascular volume on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)?

    <p>Stimulates renin secretion, leading to increased Na+ and water reabsorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in the renal system?

    <p>Stimulate water reabsorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of major electrolyte shifts on acid-base balance?

    <p>Can cause acid-base disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the glomerular capillaries in the formation of glomerular filtrate?

    <p>High-pressure bed due to increased resistance of efferent arteriole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Renin?

    <p>Regulates blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs in Metabolic Alkalosis?

    <p>The body's pH is greater than 7.45</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Angiotensin II cause in the blood vessels?

    <p>Narrowing of blood vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the glomerular capillaries in the formation of glomerular filtrate?

    <p>Filtering blood to form urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in the renal system?

    <p>Regulates urine concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a high level of Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) indicate?

    <p>High levels of urea nitrogen in blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of reduced vascular volume on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)?

    <p>Stimulates renin release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of angiotensin II in the autoregulation of GFR?

    <p>Constricts the efferent arteriole to maintain GFR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of major electrolyte shifts on acid-base balance?

    <p>Can disrupt the body's pH balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Diuretic Drugs?

    <p>Help reduce fluid build up in the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the other name for Vasopressin?

    <p>ADH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of a normal blood pressure (MABP > 70 mmHg) on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

    <p>Maintains a normal GFR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equation for Mean Arterial Blood Pressure (MABP)?

    <p>(2xDBP)+SBP/3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal urine output per hour?

    <p>60 ml/hr</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the juxtaglomerular apparatus?

    <p>Secretes renin when BP is low</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of reduced vascular volume on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)?

    <p>Stimulates renin secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of angiotensin II in the autoregulation of GFR?

    <p>Causes efferent vasoconstriction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes Metabolic Alkalosis?

    <p>Elevated blood pH and bicarbonate levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Hemodialysis use to clean the blood?

    <p>Artificial kidney machine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of major electrolyte shifts on acid-base balance?

    <p>Can cause acid-base disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs in Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)?

    <p>Reduced cardiac output</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Diuretic Drugs?

    <p>Reduce sodium and water reabsorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a high level of Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) indicate?

    <p>Impaired kidney function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average number of nephrons per kidney in an 80-year-old person?

    <p>50% of the 40-year-old</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Renal Function and Blood Pressure

    • Normal range for Creatinine (CR) is 0.5-1.1 mg/dl
    • High level of Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) indicates kidney dysfunction or damage
    • Hemodialysis uses a dialysate solution to clean the blood
    • Diuretic Drugs help to reduce excess fluid and sodium in the body
    • Renin regulates blood pressure by constricting blood vessels
    • Angiotensin II causes vasoconstriction, increasing blood pressure

    Hormonal Regulation

    • Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors help to reduce blood pressure by inhibiting Angiotensin II
    • Vasopressin is also known as Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
    • ADH helps to regulate water reabsorption in the kidneys

    Acid-Base Balance

    • Metabolic Acidosis occurs when the body produces too much acid or cannot remove enough acid
    • Metabolic Alkalosis occurs when the body produces too much base or cannot remove enough acid

    Blood Pressure Regulation

    • Blood pressure is sensed by baroreceptors in the body
    • Mean Arterial Blood Pressure (MABP) is calculated using the equation: MABP = (2/3)DBP + (1/3)SBP
    • Normal urine output per hour is 1-2 ml/kg

    Kidney Function

    • Primary function of the kidneys is to filter waste and excess fluids from the blood
    • Nephron is the functional unit of the kidney, consisting of glomerulus, proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, and distal convoluted tubule
    • Juxtaglomerular apparatus regulates blood pressure by releasing Renin

    Renal Function in Different Conditions

    • In Congestive Heart Failure (CHF), the heart is unable to pump enough blood, leading to fluid buildup and increased blood pressure
    • Average number of nephrons per kidney in an 80-year-old person is approximately 1 million, decreasing from 2 million at birth
    • Reduced vascular volume stimulates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), leading to increased blood pressure

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of kidney function and related medical terms with this quiz. Explore concepts such as oliguria, creatinine levels, blood urea nitrogen, and hemodialysis.

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