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Kidney Function and Medical Terms Quiz

Kidney Function and Medical Terms Quiz

Created by
@IntegralHorse
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Questions and Answers

What is the normal range for Creatinine (CR) in mg/dl?

0.6-1.3

What does a high level of Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) indicate?

Kidney dysfunction

What does Hemodialysis use to clean the blood?

Artificial kidney (dialyzer)

What do Diuretic Drugs help to reduce in the body?

<p>Fluid build up</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Renin regulate in the body?

<p>Blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Angiotensin II cause in the blood vessels?

<p>Narrowing</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors help to do?

<p>Relax the veins and arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the other name for Vasopressin?

<p>ADH</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens in Metabolic Acidosis?

<p>Too much acid builds up in the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes Metabolic Alkalosis?

<p>Body’s pH greater than 7.45</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is blood pressure sensed in the body?

<p>By baroreceptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs in Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)?

<p>The heart is unable to pump enough blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation for Mean Arterial Blood Pressure (MABP)?

<p>MAP=(2xDBP)+SBP/3</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal urine output per hour?

<p>60 ml/hr</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the kidneys?

<p>Condition the blood plasma and maintain fluid homeostasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a component of the nephron?

<p>Renal pelvis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the average number of nephrons per kidney in an 80-year-old person?

<p>Less than 50% of the number in a 40-year-old</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the juxtaglomerular apparatus?

<p>Regulate blood pressure and secrete renin</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of a normal blood pressure (MABP > 70 mmHg) on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

<p>Maintains a healthy GFR for adequate urine output</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of angiotensin II in the autoregulation of GFR?

<p>Vasoconstriction affecting efferent arteriole to raise filtration pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of reduced vascular volume on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)?

<p>Stimulates renin secretion, leading to increased Na+ and water reabsorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in the renal system?

<p>Stimulate water reabsorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of major electrolyte shifts on acid-base balance?

<p>Can cause acid-base disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the glomerular capillaries in the formation of glomerular filtrate?

<p>High-pressure bed due to increased resistance of efferent arteriole</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Renin?

<p>Regulates blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs in Metabolic Alkalosis?

<p>The body's pH is greater than 7.45</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Angiotensin II cause in the blood vessels?

<p>Narrowing of blood vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the glomerular capillaries in the formation of glomerular filtrate?

<p>Filtering blood to form urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in the renal system?

<p>Regulates urine concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a high level of Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) indicate?

<p>High levels of urea nitrogen in blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of reduced vascular volume on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)?

<p>Stimulates renin release</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of angiotensin II in the autoregulation of GFR?

<p>Constricts the efferent arteriole to maintain GFR</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of major electrolyte shifts on acid-base balance?

<p>Can disrupt the body's pH balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Diuretic Drugs?

<p>Help reduce fluid build up in the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the other name for Vasopressin?

<p>ADH</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of a normal blood pressure (MABP > 70 mmHg) on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

<p>Maintains a normal GFR</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation for Mean Arterial Blood Pressure (MABP)?

<p>(2xDBP)+SBP/3</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal urine output per hour?

<p>60 ml/hr</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the juxtaglomerular apparatus?

<p>Secretes renin when BP is low</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of reduced vascular volume on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)?

<p>Stimulates renin secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of angiotensin II in the autoregulation of GFR?

<p>Causes efferent vasoconstriction</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes Metabolic Alkalosis?

<p>Elevated blood pH and bicarbonate levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Hemodialysis use to clean the blood?

<p>Artificial kidney machine</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of major electrolyte shifts on acid-base balance?

<p>Can cause acid-base disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs in Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)?

<p>Reduced cardiac output</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Diuretic Drugs?

<p>Reduce sodium and water reabsorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a high level of Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) indicate?

<p>Impaired kidney function</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the average number of nephrons per kidney in an 80-year-old person?

<p>50% of the 40-year-old</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Renal Function and Blood Pressure

  • Normal range for Creatinine (CR) is 0.5-1.1 mg/dl
  • High level of Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) indicates kidney dysfunction or damage
  • Hemodialysis uses a dialysate solution to clean the blood
  • Diuretic Drugs help to reduce excess fluid and sodium in the body
  • Renin regulates blood pressure by constricting blood vessels
  • Angiotensin II causes vasoconstriction, increasing blood pressure

Hormonal Regulation

  • Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors help to reduce blood pressure by inhibiting Angiotensin II
  • Vasopressin is also known as Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
  • ADH helps to regulate water reabsorption in the kidneys

Acid-Base Balance

  • Metabolic Acidosis occurs when the body produces too much acid or cannot remove enough acid
  • Metabolic Alkalosis occurs when the body produces too much base or cannot remove enough acid

Blood Pressure Regulation

  • Blood pressure is sensed by baroreceptors in the body
  • Mean Arterial Blood Pressure (MABP) is calculated using the equation: MABP = (2/3)DBP + (1/3)SBP
  • Normal urine output per hour is 1-2 ml/kg

Kidney Function

  • Primary function of the kidneys is to filter waste and excess fluids from the blood
  • Nephron is the functional unit of the kidney, consisting of glomerulus, proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, and distal convoluted tubule
  • Juxtaglomerular apparatus regulates blood pressure by releasing Renin

Renal Function in Different Conditions

  • In Congestive Heart Failure (CHF), the heart is unable to pump enough blood, leading to fluid buildup and increased blood pressure
  • Average number of nephrons per kidney in an 80-year-old person is approximately 1 million, decreasing from 2 million at birth
  • Reduced vascular volume stimulates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), leading to increased blood pressure

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