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Kidney Function & Acute Kidney Injury Overview

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Kidney Function & Acute Kidney Injury Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the kidneys in maintaining homeostasis?

Producing hormones for blood sugar regulation

Controlling fluid and electrolyte balance (correct)

Filtering toxins from the liver

Regulating carbon dioxide levels in the blood

What occurs in the body when both kidneys fail to function properly?

Enhanced metabolic function and improved muscle strength

Fluid accumulation and altered electrolyte levels (correct)

Decreased blood pressure and drowsiness

Increased red blood cell production and dehydration

What is a common characteristic of both acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD)?

Permanent damage to renal tissues

Increased levels of nitrogenous wastes in the blood (correct)

Presence of protein in the urine

Rapid onset of symptoms

What is the most common cause of acute kidney injury (AKI)?

Insufficient blood supply (ischemia) Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is not typically associated with the onset of acute kidney injury (AKI)?

Chronic high blood pressure Signup and view all the answers

What major change does the heart make to accommodate excess fluid in the body as a result of kidney failure?

Increases heart rate Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes acute kidney injury (AKI) from chronic kidney disease (CKD)?

AKI is often reversible with treatment, while CKD is not Signup and view all the answers

What can result from untreated renal failure within a few days?

Cerebral edema Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Kidney Function & Homeostasis

Kidneys regulate fluid and electrolyte balance, acid-base balance, and blood pressure, maintaining homeostasis.
One functioning kidney is usually sufficient for maintaining homeostasis.
Renal failure occurs when the kidneys cannot filter waste products from the blood, leading to fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base imbalances.
Renal failure can be caused by primary kidney disorders or secondary to systemic diseases or urologic defects.
Renal failure can be acute (sudden onset) or chronic (gradual progression).

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)

AKI is a rapid decline in kidney function, characterized by decreased excretion function, increased creatinine and urea levels.
AKI affects 13-18% of hospitalized patients.
Major causes of AKI include ischemia (insufficient blood supply) and nephrotoxins (substances damaging kidney tissue).
The kidneys are highly susceptible to ischemia and nephrotoxins due to their significant blood flow.
Other AKI causes include major surgery, sepsis, and severe pneumonia.

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Description

This quiz covers the essential functions of kidneys in regulating homeostasis and explores the critical aspects of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI). Learn about causes, consequences, and the impact of renal failure on overall health. A deep understanding of kidney functions is crucial for healthcare professionals.