Kidney Filtration and Homeostasis Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the kidney in maintaining homeostasis?

  • Regulation of body fluid osmolarity and volume
  • Excretion of metabolic products like urea and uric acid (correct)
  • Regulation of blood pressure
  • Excretion of foreign substances like pesticides

    • Which type of nephron is responsible for enabling the kidney to secrete very dilute or very concentrated urine?

  • Nephrons with short loops of Henle
  • Nephrons with long loops of Henle
  • Juxtamedullary nephrons (correct)
  • Cortical nephrons

    • What is the function of the glomerulus in the nephron?

  • To filter blood plasma (correct)
  • To secrete hormones
  • To reabsorb water
  • To regulate electrolyte balance

    • Which hormone is responsible for increasing glomerular filtration rate (GFR) without affecting renal blood flow (RBF)?

    <p>Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone has a complex and variable effect on both afferent and efferent arterioles, resulting in a decrease in RBF and GFR?

    <p>Angiotensin II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells regulate intraglomerular capillary blood flow and are coupled with contraction of the glomerular capillary endothelium basement membrane, leading to a decrease in surface area and GFR?

    <p>Mesangial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of the nephron?

    <p>Excretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equation for solute excretion?

    <p>Solute excretion = glomerular filtration + secretion - reabsorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three barriers to cross in the glomerular filtration process?

    <p>Endothelial cells, basement membrane, podocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the factors that determine glomerular filterability?

    <p>Molecular weight and size-exclusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a factor that affects the glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

    <p>Renal autoregulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the net filtration pressure (NFP) in the glomerulus?

    <p>10 mmHg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mechanism is responsible for maintaining a constant glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in response to changes in blood pressure?

    <p>Tubuloglomerular feedback</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of increasing mean arterial pressure (MAP) on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

    <p>Increases GFR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of the nephron?

    <p>Excretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of increasing mean arterial pressure (MAP) on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

    <p>Increase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of nephron is responsible for enabling the kidney to secrete very dilute or very concentrated urine?

    <p>Juxtamedullary nephron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone has a complex and variable effect on both afferent and efferent arterioles, resulting in a decrease in RBF and GFR?

    <p>Angiotensin II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells regulate intraglomerular capillary blood flow and are coupled with contraction of the glomerular capillary endothelium basement membrane, leading to a decrease in surface area and GFR?

    <p>Intraglomerular mesangial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of increasing mean arterial pressure (MAP) on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

    <p>Increase in GFR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a barrier to cross in the glomerular filtration process?

    <p>Endothelial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equation for solute excretion?

    <p>Solute excretion = glomerular filtration - reabsorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a factor that affects the glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

    <p>Molecular weight of the solute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of the kidney in maintaining homeostasis?

    <p>Filtration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the correct equation for calculating the net filtration pressure (NFP) in the glomerulus?

    <p>NFP = GBHP - CHP - BCOP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a mechanism regulating the glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

    <p>Renal tubular reabsorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of constricting the afferent arteriole on renal blood flow (RBF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

    <p>Reduces RBF and GFR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equation for calculating the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in a young healthy 70kg adult?

    <p>GFR = 125ml/min or 180 L/day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a constituent of the glomerular filtrate?

    <p>Red blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is responsible for the high rate of glomerular filtration?

    <p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate amount of fluid that is reabsorbed from the glomerular filtrate each day?

    <p>90 L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the correct equation for calculating the filtration fraction in the kidney?

    <p>Filtration fraction = GFR/Renal plasma flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in an adult human?

    <p>125 ml/min</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a major layer of the glomerular capillary membrane?

    <p>Layer of smooth muscle cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the filterability of albumin by glomerular capillaries based on molecular weight?

    <p>0.005</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about renal blood flow and oxygen consumption is true?

    <p>The kidneys consume oxygen at a higher rate than the brain and have a higher blood flow.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the additional blood flow to the kidneys?

    <p>To control glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and excretory functions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between oxygen consumption and sodium reabsorption in dog kidneys?

    <p>As oxygen consumption increases, sodium reabsorption increases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a factor that opposes glomerular filtration in the kidneys?

    <p>Hydrostatic pressure in Bowman's capsule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the net filtration pressure (NFP) in the glomerulus?

    <p>10 mm Hg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equation for calculating the glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

    <p>GFR = Kf × (PG - PB + πG - πB)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal value for the glomerular capillary filtration coefficient (Kf)?

    <p>12.5 ml/min per mm Hg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following variables determines glomerular hydrostatic pressure in the kidney?

    <p>Arterial pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does constriction of the afferent arterioles have on glomerular hydrostatic pressure and GFR?

    <p>Decreases glomerular hydrostatic pressure and GFR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does constriction of the efferent arterioles have on glomerular hydrostatic pressure and GFR?

    <p>Increases glomerular hydrostatic pressure and GFR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does severe constriction of the efferent arterioles have on glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

    <p>Decreases GFR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors influences the glomerular capillary colloid osmotic pressure?

    <p>The arterial plasma colloid osmotic pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equation for filtration fraction?

    <p>Filtration fraction = GFR / Renal plasma flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of reducing renal plasma flow without changing the glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

    <p>Increase in filtration fraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of increasing renal blood flow on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

    <p>Increase in GFR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the filterability of solutes in the glomerular capillaries?

    <p>The filterability of solutes is inversely related to their size.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason for the decreased filterability of albumin in the glomerular capillaries?

    <p>Albumin has a negative charge that repels it from the glomerular capillary wall.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of electrical charge on the filterability of molecules in the glomerular capillaries?

    <p>Positively charged molecules are filtered more readily than negatively charged molecules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of minimal-change nephropathy on the permeability of the glomeruli to plasma proteins?

    <p>The glomeruli become more permeable to plasma proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these is the most correct?

    <p>$3-2+2$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone has a complex and variable effect on both afferent and efferent arterioles, resulting in a decrease in renal blood flow (RBF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

    <p>Angiotensin II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells regulate intraglomerular capillary blood flow and are coupled with contraction of the glomerular capillary endothelium basement membrane, leading to a decrease in surface area and GFR?

    <p>Mesangial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is responsible for increasing glomerular filtration rate (GFR) without affecting renal blood flow (RBF)?

    <p>Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of the nephron?

    <p>Excretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of increasing mean arterial pressure (MAP) on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

    <p>Increases GFR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equation for solute excretion?

    <p>Excretion = Filtration + Secretion - Reabsorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the factors that determine glomerular filterability?

    <p>Molecular weight and size-exclusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of the kidney in maintaining homeostasis?

    <p>Excretion of metabolic products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equation for calculating the net filtration pressure (NFP) in the glomerulus?

    <p>NFP = Glomerular hydrostatic pressure (PGC) - Bowman's capsule hydrostatic pressure (PBC) - Glomerular colloid osmotic pressure (πGC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of electrical charge on the filterability of molecules in the glomerular capillaries?

    <p>Negatively charged molecules are more easily filtered than positively charged molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Renal Physiology and Kidney Function

    • The kidneys have multiple functions, including maintaining homeostasis, regulating body fluid osmolarity and volume, controlling blood pressure, and excreting waste products, electrolytes, and foreign substances.
    • The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney and is responsible for filtration, reabsorption, and secretion.
    • There are two types of nephrons: cortical nephrons (80% of nephrons) and juxtamedullary nephrons (20% of nephrons).
    • The renal corpuscle consists of the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule, while the convoluted tubules and loop of Henle extend into the medulla.
    • The nephron has a tubular component (proximal and distal tubules) and a vascular component (glomerulus and peritubular capillaries).
    • The glomerulus filters water and solutes from the blood plasma into the Bowman's capsule, forming the glomerular filtrate.
    • Tubular reabsorption occurs as the filtered fluid moves along the tubule, with about 99% of water and useful solutes being reabsorbed back into the blood.
    • Tubular secretion involves the secretion of waste products, drugs, and excess ions from the blood into the tubular fluid.
    • The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is the amount of filtrate formed in all the renal corpuscles of both kidneys per minute and is approximately 125ml/min or 180 L/day in a healthy adult.
    • The net filtration pressure (NFP) determines the GFR and is calculated as the difference between the glomerular blood hydrostatic pressure (GBHP), capsular hydrostatic pressure (CHP), and blood colloid osmotic pressure (BCOP).
    • The GFR is regulated by three mechanisms: renal autoregulation, neural regulation, and hormonal regulation.
    • Renal autoregulation involves the myogenic mechanism (contraction of smooth muscle cells in the afferent arterioles) and the tubuloglomerular mechanism (feedback from the macula densa to regulate glomerular resistance).
    • Other factors that can affect GFR include sympathetic nerves (norepinephrine release), circulating hormones (atrial natriuretic peptide and angiotensin II), and the contraction of intraglomerular mesangial cells.

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    Related Documents

    Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14ed GIT (dragged) PDF
    Renal Physiology Lecture 1 - Kidney Function 1 PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the charges and filtration rate of molecules in the kidneys. Learn about the importance of maintaining a constant glomerular filtration rate for homeostasis.

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