Kidney Failure: Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Symptoms
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Questions and Answers

Apa penyebab utama gagal ginjal kronis?

  • Kanker
  • Diabetes (correct)
  • Gagal jantung
  • Tekanan darah tinggi

    • Apa yang dapat menyebabkan cedera ginjal akut?

  • Infeksi
  • Trauma
  • Tumor
  • Semua di atas (correct)

    • Apa yang dinilai dalam tes darah untuk mendiagnosis gagal ginjal?

  • Kadar gula darah
  • Kadar lemak darah
  • Kadar kreatinin dan nitrogen urea darah (correct)
  • Kadar hemoglobin

    • Apa yang dapat membantu mengobati gagal ginjal?

    <p>Semua di atas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Apa yang dilakukan dalam prosedur hemodialisis?

    <p>Menggunakan mesin untuk menyaring darah</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Apa yang dapat menyebabkan obstruksi saluran kemih?

    <p>Batu ginjal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Apa yang dinilai dalam analisis urin untuk mendiagnosis gagal ginjal?

    <p>Kadar protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Apa yang dapat membantu mendiagnosis penyakit ginjal?

    <p>Semua di atas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Apa yang dilakukan dalam prosedur peritoneal dialisis?

    <p>Menggunakan rongga perut untuk menghilangkan produk buangan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Apa yang dapat membantu mengobati anemia pada gagal ginjal?

    <p>Mengonsumsi obat-obatan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Causes of Kidney Failure

    • Chronic kidney disease: Diabetes, high blood pressure, and family history are common risk factors.
    • Acute kidney injury: Sudden damage to kidneys due to trauma, infection, or medication.
    • Obstruction: Blockage in the urinary tract, such as kidney stones or tumors.
    • Vascular disease: Reduced blood flow to the kidneys due to heart disease or atherosclerosis.
    • Toxins: Exposure to heavy metals, solvents, or certain medications.

    Diagnosis of Kidney Failure

    • Blood tests: Evaluate kidney function through creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels.
    • Urine tests: Analyze protein, blood, and other substances in the urine.
    • Imaging tests: Ultrasound, CT, or MRI scans to visualize kidney structure and function.
    • Biopsy: Tissue sample examination to determine kidney damage.

    Treatment of Kidney Failure

    • Medications: Control underlying conditions, such as diabetes, high blood pressure, and anemia.
    • Lifestyle changes: Dietary modifications, fluid restriction, and stress management.
    • Transplantation: Surgical replacement of a diseased kidney with a healthy one.
    • Dialysis: Artificial filtration of waste products from the blood.

    Dialysis

    • Hemodialysis: Blood is filtered outside the body using a machine.
    • Peritoneal dialysis: Waste products are removed from the blood through the abdominal cavity.
    • Continuous renal replacement therapy: Slow, continuous dialysis for critically ill patients.

    Symptoms of Kidney Failure

    • Fatigue: Weakness and lack of energy due to anemia and waste buildup.
    • Swelling: Fluid retention in the legs, ankles, and feet.
    • Nausea and vomiting: Waste product accumulation in the blood.
    • Itching and skin rash: Electrolyte imbalance and waste buildup.
    • Pain: Back pain and flank pain due to kidney damage.
    • Changes in urination: Decreased urine output, difficulty urinating, or frequent urination.

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    Test your knowledge on kidney failure, including its causes, diagnosis, treatment options, and symptoms. Learn about chronic kidney disease, acute kidney injury, and more.

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