Kidney & Excretion Quiz

The urinary system filters blood, removes waste products, and regulates water and mineral levels in the body.

Two kidneys are located in the back of the abdominal cavity.

Kidneys have an outer cortex and an inner medulla. The pelvis is in the center.

Urea is a waste product from the breakdown of extra amino acids. This process is called deamination and happens in the liver.

The ureter is a tube that carries urine from the kidneys to the bladder.

Kidneys filter about 180 liters of blood daily, producing roughly 1.5 liters of urine.

Nephrons are the functional units of the kidney that filter blood, reabsorb needed substances, and produce urine.

The glomerulus is a part of a nephron that filters blood in the first step of urine creation.

Ultrafiltration filters out small molecules and ions from the blood into the renal capsule.

Reabsorption in the nephron takes back molecules and ions that are essential for the body.

Waste products are collected in the pelvis of the kidney.

The renal artery delivers blood to the kidney, while the renal vein carries blood away from the kidney.

The ureter carries urine from the kidney to the bladder.

The two sets of sphincter muscles control the flow of urine from the bladder.

The medulla contains the loops of Henle where most reabsorption of water and nutrients occurs.

The cortex contains the glomeruli and convoluted tubules where ultrafiltration and some reabsorption take place.

A nephron is the functional unit of the kidney, responsible for filtering blood, reabsorbing useful substances, and producing urine.

A nephron consists of the Bowman's capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule, and collecting duct.

The Bowman's capsule filters blood, separating small molecules from larger components.

The proximal convoluted tubule reabsorbs most glucose, amino acids, and some water back into the blood.

The loop of Henle establishes a water potential gradient, regulating water reabsorption.

The distal convoluted tubule reabsorbs additional water and ions, fine-tuning urine composition.

The collecting duct collects urine from multiple nephrons and delivers it to the renal pelvis.

The medulla is the inner region of the kidney, containing the loops of Henle and collecting ducts.

The process where small molecules and ions are filtered out of the blood in the glomerulus, while large molecules and cells remain in the blood.

The rate at which fluid is filtered from the blood into Bowman's capsule. It reflects how well the kidneys are working.

The first part of the renal tubule where most reabsorption of water, glucose, amino acids, and ions occurs.

A hairpin-shaped segment in the nephron, where water reabsorption is regulated, creating a concentration gradient in the medulla for further water reabsorption.

Part of the renal tubule where further reabsorption of water and ions, as well as secretion of waste products, takes place; final adjustment of urine composition.

A tube that collects urine from multiple nephrons and carries it to the renal pelvis; water reabsorption is regulated here under hormone influence.

Water channel proteins found in the membrane of cells, including those in the collecting duct, allowing water to move across the membrane

The process of making urine more concentrated by reabsorbing water in the nephron, controlled by hormones.

Specialized cells in the hypothalamus that detect changes in blood water potential.

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) increases water reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct, resulting in less, more concentrated urine.

PCT cells have microvilli, many pumps/transporters, and mitochondria to maximize reabsorption efficiency.

Impermeable to water but actively transports Na+ and Cl- ions out, concentrating the filtrate.