Kidney Development Mechanisms

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Questions and Answers

What role does the ureteric bud (UB) play in kidney development?

It induces blood vessel formation.

It forms nephrons.

It serves as the collecting duct. (correct)

It separates the metanephric mesenchyme.

Which mechanism ensures proportionate growth and development in kidney tissues?

Lateral inhibition

Reciprocal induction (correct)

Cell-contact repulsion

Transfilter induction

In the context of kidney tissue development, what is an inducer?

A region influencing the behavior of another cell. (correct)

A signaling molecule produced by the kidney.

A cell that forms the collecting duct.

A cell that forms nephrons.

What signals are involved in kidney tissue formation within the intermediate mesoderm?

BMP2 and Paraxial mesoderm signaling Signup and view all the answers

During the transfilter induction assay, which step occurs after separating the metanephric mesenchyme from the ureteric bud epithelium?

Induction of nephron formation. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the apical ectodermal ridge (AER) in limb formation?

It dictates limb formation along the proximal-distal axis. Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the AER is manipulated or removed earlier during development?

Less wing tissue forms along the proximal-distal axis. Signup and view all the answers

What is a morphogen and how does it operate in pattern formation?

It varies in spatial concentration and causes different responses in cells. Signup and view all the answers

What is the concentration gradient established by morphogen secretion important for?

Specifying digital identities along the anterior-posterior axis. Signup and view all the answers

What is the zone of polarising activity (ZPA) believed to secrete?

Morphogens that define digits according to a concentration model. Signup and view all the answers

Which fibroblast growth factor is specifically associated with the AER?

FGF4 Signup and view all the answers

What does the French flag model describe in the context of morphogen activity?

The specification of digits based on morphogen concentration. Signup and view all the answers

What does a source of FGF4 demonstrate when replaced in an AER-removal scenario?

It can completely rescue limb truncation issues. Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of activating mutations in FGFR3?

Premature closure of growth plates Signup and view all the answers

What did the mouse spleen experiment demonstrate regarding mechanically isolated organs?

They grow to a normal size relative to their tissue type Signup and view all the answers

What does the hypothesis regarding skin growth under mechanical force suggest?

Long-term tension stimulates mitosis in skin cells Signup and view all the answers

How do neurotrophins influence neuronal development during the embryonic stage?

They improve survival rates of already formed neurons. Signup and view all the answers

What role does autocrine signaling play in quorum sensing?

It allows a cell to respond to the signals it releases. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the general trophic theory in cell development?

It highlights the necessity of intercellular survival signals. Signup and view all the answers

What misconception may arise regarding the growth plates and the effects of FGFR3 knockout in mice?

Knockout results in disproportionate growth across all limbs. Signup and view all the answers

What mechanism drives the regulation of tissue growth according to the lectures?

Mechanical tension influencing cellular signaling Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

CTO Lectures - Semester 1

Lecture notes cover topics in Cells to Organisms 2 at the University of Edinburgh.
Content is available on Studocu.
The document contains lecture notes, diagrams, and a quiz.
It includes information on multicellularity, cell communication, cell adhesion, body plan axes, WNT pathways, and the nervous system.
It also discusses cell adhesion in plants and animals, including the role of extracellular matrices, cell walls, and cellulose.
The study notes provide details on connective tissues, such as bone and cartilage.
Topics on cell-cell junctions, such as tight junctions, adherens junctions, desmosomes, hemidesmosomes, and gap junctions are also explored.
Different types of cadherins are discussed, as well as events in neural tube development, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition.
The notes cover the process of cell differentiation, including how cells divide and differentiate into specialized cell types in early embryogenesis.
Gene regulation, transcription factors, and signaling molecules are key topics.
Study notes address the regulation of gene expression, the role of transcription factors in development, and different types of signaling mechanisms, including paracrine, autocrine, and endocrine signaling.
The study also details issues surrounding sex determination, as well as how animals regulate growth and develop diverse body plans.
The role of different signalling pathways (e.g. Shh, Wnt, and FGF-mediated signals) in the development of tissues, organs and other processes is covered.
Organogenesis, focusing on kidney development in particular is also addressed, including the roles of germ layers and the mechanisms of reciprocal induction and cell behaviours (e.g. chemotaxis and contact repulsion).
Additional topics include tissue repair, homeostasis & regeneration are also discussed.

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Description

Explore the crucial role of the ureteric bud in kidney development and understand the mechanisms that ensure proportionate growth in kidney tissues. This quiz also delves into the concept of inducers in kidney tissue development. Test your knowledge on these fundamental processes!