Kidney Anatomy and Function Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following statements about the urinary system is TRUE?

Excretion includes the contraction of smooth muscle to move urine along passageways and transport urine outside the body. (correct)

Nephrons are responsible for fluid balance and elimination, but not excretion.

Small, organic compounds are filtered by the renal corpuscle, except glucose, which is mostly secreted.

During secretion, wastes move from the blood, into the interstitial space, then into the tubular fluid. (correct)

The arteries and veins that reach the glomeruli enter at the kidney by penetrating the outer fibrous capsule. (correct)

Which of the following scenarios is TRUE? Since the podocytes prevent the excretion of larger organic compounds (like blood cells and large proteins), but still allow smaller organic compounds and ions through.

Ion concentrations in the filtrate and plasma are isotonic.

Colloid pressure depends on ion concentrations, causing water to remain in the blood.

Glucose and amino acids are more concentrated in the filtrate than in the blood.

Glucose and amino acids are more concentrated in the blood than in the filtrate. (correct)

Which of the following statements is TRUE about filtration? The filtration of substances out of the blood and into the glomerular capsule is directed and coordinated by difference in glomerular hydrostatic pressure.

Arterial pressure affects GHP, but the afferent and efferent arterioles can dilate or constrict to mitigate major changes in GFR. (correct)

Dilating the efferent arterioles and constricting the afferent arteriole will increase GHP.

A drop in blood pressure would result in a lower OP, ultimately decreasing the net filtration rate.

OP increases when the concentration of plasma proteins is decreased.

What is the most accurate measurement of GFR?

Inulin clearance Signup and view all the answers

What is the common indicator of renal failure?

Azotemia Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of acute renal failure?

Nephrotic Signup and view all the answers

Chronic kidney disease is often associated with permanent damage to the nephrons.

True Signup and view all the answers

The most common risk factors for chronic kidney disease are diabetes and hypertension

True Signup and view all the answers

Life-supporting treatments for kidney failure include dialysis and kidney transplantation.

True Signup and view all the answers

Creatinine clearance is more accurate than inulin clearance for measuring GFR

False Signup and view all the answers

The urinary system has three important functions: excretion, homeostatic regulation, and elimination. Which of the following statements about the urinary system is TRUE?

The arteries and veins that reach the glomeruli enter at the kidney by penetrating the outer fibrous capsule. Signup and view all the answers

Nephrons are the basic functional units of the kidneys. Their proper functioning is crucial to the maintenance of homeostasis. Since the podocytes prevent the excretion of larger organic compounds (like blood cells and large proteins), but still allow smaller organic compounds and ions through, which of the following scenarios is TRUE?

Glucose and amino acids are more concentrated in the blood than in the filtrate. Signup and view all the answers

The filtration of substances out of the blood and into the glomerular capsule is directed and coordinated by differences in glomerular hydrostatic pressure. Which of the following statements is TRUE about filtration? (GHP = glomerular hydrostatic pressure, CP = colloid pressure, GFR = glomerular filtration rate).

Arterial pressure affects GHP, but the afferent and efferent arterioles can dilate or constrict to mitigate major changes in GFR. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the kidney?

The main function of the kidney is to filter waste products from the blood and excrete them as urine. Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the functional unit of the kidney?

The functional unit of the kidney is the nephron. Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between acute and chronic kidney failure?

Acute kidney failure is a sudden, often reversible decline in kidney function, while chronic kidney failure is a gradual, progressive loss of kidney function. Signup and view all the answers

What is Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) and what does it indicate?

The Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) is a measure of the kidneys' ability to filter waste products from the blood. It indicates how well the kidney is functioning. Signup and view all the answers

Kidney disease is always a result of diabetes or hypertension.

False Signup and view all the answers

End-stage kidney disease requires life-supporting treatments.

True Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Kidney Anatomy and Function

Kidneys perform excretion, elimination, and homeostatic regulation
Blood is circulated through the kidney, filtered by nephrons, and substances reabsorbed/secreted to maintain solute and water balance.
Kidneys receive 20-25% of cardiac output for oxygen and nutrient delivery.
Blood flows through renal arteries, segmental arteries, interlobar arteries, arcuate arteries, cortical radiate arteries, and afferent arterioles to enter glomerular capillaries.
Waste- and nutrient-poor blood, now oxygenated, flows through peritubular capillaries to nourish nephrons.
Deoxygenated blood exits via venules and veins

Blood Flow Through the Kidney

Blood enters the kidney via renal arteries
Branches into segmental, interlobar, arcuate, cortical radiate arteries, and then afferent arterioles.
Blood enters the glomerulus (a capillary network) where filtration occurs.
Blood leaves the glomerulus through efferent arterioles.
Blood then flows through the peritubular capillaries and is returned to the heart through venules and veins
Waste products and excess solutes are removed from the blood in nephrons

Nephron Function

The nephron is the basic functional unit of the kidney.
Excretion: Filters solutes from blood into tubular fluid (across glomeruli). This includes nitrogenous wastes (urea, creatinine, ammonia, uric acid).
Homeostatic regulation: reabsorbs useful substances (glucose, amino acids, electrolytes) and secretes excess substances.
Kidneys regulate levels of sodium, potassium, hydrogen, and bicarbonate ions.
Water, often following solute concentrations, also adjusted
Elimination: Urine is transported out of the body.
Filtration is a key process: substances move from blood into glomerular capsule, driven by glomerular hydrostatic pressure

Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)

GFR: is a measure of kidney function.
A normal GFR is between 100 and 130 ml/min/1.73m²
GFR is determined by the volume of serum filtered per minute.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the anatomy and function of the kidneys, including blood flow, filtration, and homeostasis. This quiz covers the structure and processes involved in maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance in the body.