Kidney Anatomy and Function Quiz

Excretion, elimination, and homeostatic regulation of fluids and electrolytes in the body.

Filtering solutes from blood into tubular fluid, primarily nitrogenous wastes.

Transporting urine outside the body.

Reabsorbing essential solutes and adjusting levels of ions like sodium, potassium, and hydrogen.

Functional unit of the kidney responsible for filtration and regulation.

Initial filtering step; solutes from blood enter glomerular capsule.

Rate of fluid flow through the kidneys, measured in ml/min/1.73m^2.

Artery carrying blood to the glomerulus.

Artery carrying blood away from the glomerulus.

Network of capillaries surrounding the nephron tubules.

Inability of kidneys to remove wastes and maintain fluid balance.

Rapidly developing kidney failure, often reversible.

Progressive and irreversible kidney damage.

Accumulation of nitrogenous wastes in the blood.

Measurement of creatinine removed from blood by kidneys.

Measure of GFR, as Inulin is neither reabsorbed nor secreted.

Part of a nephron where most reabsorption occurs.

Loop of Henle; part of the nephron responsible for water reabsorption.

Part of a nephron, where final adjustments of electrolyte levels occur.

Part of a nephron where urine is collected and concentrated.

Driving force for filtration in glomerulus; pressure forces fluid into the capsule.

Pressure exerted by plasma proteins preventing excessive water loss to the filtrate.

The kidney's primary functions are excretion, elimination, and homeostatic regulation.

Blood enters the kidney through the renal artery and travels through a series of vessels before reaching the glomerulus for filtration.

The afferent arteriole carries blood into the glomerulus, while the efferent arteriole carries blood away from the glomerulus.

Large molecules like blood cells and proteins are not filtered by the glomerulus.

The process where essential substances like glucose and amino acids are reabsorbed back into the bloodstream from the nephron.

The kidney regulates the levels of important ions like sodium, potassium, and hydrogen in the blood, maintaining a stable internal environment.

GFR is measured in ml/min/1.73m^2, accounting for body surface area.

Inulin is the most accurate GFR measurement because it is only filtered by the kidneys and not reabsorbed or secreted.

Prerenal failure is due to problems before the kidney, while intrinsic failure is within the kidney itself.

Kidney failure due to problems after the kidney, like blockages in the ureters or bladder.

CKD is classified into five stages based on GFR, ranging from minimal damage to severe kidney failure.

The PCT is responsible for reabsorbing most of the water and essential solutes from the filtrate.

The nephron loop (Loop of Henle) helps to concentrate the urine by reabsorbing water.

The DCT makes final adjustments to electrolyte levels by selectively reabsorbing and secreting ions.

The collecting duct collects urine from multiple nephrons and further adjusts its concentration before it exits the kidney.

Hormones like aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) regulate water and electrolyte balance in the kidney.

The kidney produces hormones like erythropoietin (EPO), calcitriol, and renin, which influence blood cell production, calcium levels, and blood pressure.

Urine flows from the renal pelvis, through the ureters, and is stored in the bladder before being eliminated through the urethra.