Kidney Anatomy and Function Quiz

Study Notes

Kidney

A pair of abdominal organs responsible for fluid balance and waste filtration.
Functional unit is the nephron, which processes blood to form urine.

Renal Pelvis

Central area of the kidney where urine collects.
Urine is funneled from the renal pelvis into the ureter.

Renal Medulla

Innermost region of the kidney.
Composed of sections called renal pyramids.

Renal Cortex

Outer portion of the kidney situated between the renal capsule and medulla.
Features cortical columns that extend between renal pyramids.

Nephron

The primary functional unit of the kidney, crucial for urine formation.

Renal Corpuscle

Initial blood-filtering component of a nephron, comprising the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule.

Renal Tubule

Long, convoluted structures transporting urine from glomeruli to the renal pelvis.
Site for water and salts reabsorption back into the bloodstream.

Glomerulus

A tuft of capillaries in the nephron serving as the filtration site.

Glomerular Capsule

Also known as Bowman's capsule, it envelops the glomerulus and initiates blood filtration.

Afferent Arteriole

Small artery directing blood towards the glomerulus' capillaries.

Efferent Arteriole

Small artery carrying blood away from the glomerulus.

Urine

The liquid waste product expelled from the body through the urinary system.

Glomerular Filtrate

Fluid filtered from the blood in the glomerular capillaries into the renal tubules.

Tubular Reabsorption

Process that reclaims solutes and water from filtrate, returning them to the bloodstream.

Urea

A colorless compound, main nitrogenous waste from protein metabolism, excreted in urine.

Uric Acid

Nitrogenous waste product expelled in the urine.

Tubular Secretion

Movement of substances from peritubular capillaries into the renal tubular lumen.
Opposite of reabsorption, mainly involving active transport and passive diffusion.

Ureter

Duct that connects the kidney to the urinary bladder for urine transport.

Urinary Bladder

Sac-like organ for urine storage prior to excretion.

Detrusor Muscle

Smooth muscle responsible for bladder contraction and expulsion of urine into the urethra.

Micturition

The process of ejecting urine from the bladder through the urethra.

Urethra

Duct through which urine is discharged from the body.

Proximal Convoluted Tubule

Segment of nephron between Bowman's capsule and loop of Henle, primarily for reabsorbing sugars, sodium, chloride ions, and water.

Loop of Henle

A part of the nephron that forms a loop in the kidney's medulla, crucial for water and salt reabsorption.

Distal Convoluted Tubule

Portion of the nephron located between the loop of Henle and collecting duct system.

Collecting Duct

Segment of the nephron responsible for returning water from filtrate back into the bloodstream.

Bowman's Capsule

Cup-shaped structure that encapsulates the glomerulus, initiating the filtration process in the nephron.

Description

Test your knowledge on the anatomy and functions of the kidneys. This quiz covers key components including the nephron, renal pelvis, and renal cortex. Dive deep into the processes of urine formation and the roles of various kidney structures.

Kidney Anatomy and Function Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the kidneys?

What is the functional unit of the kidney?

Where does urine collect in the kidney?

What is the innermost part of the kidney called?

What is the outer portion of the kidney?

What does the renal corpuscle consist of?

What is the role of the afferent arteriole?

What is urine?

What is tubular reabsorption?

What is the main nitrogenous breakdown product of protein metabolism excreted in urine?

What muscle compresses the urinary bladder to expel urine?

What is the purpose of the urethra?

What is micturition?

Which part of the nephron is primarily involved in reabsorption?

What does the collecting duct do?

The small artery that carries blood away from the glomerulus is called the ______.