Key Vocabulary in Social Studies
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Questions and Answers

What does self-determination refer to?

  • The right of a people or group to decide their own political status (correct)
  • A raw material or primary agricultural product
  • A system where citizens elect representatives to make decisions
  • The belief in the superiority of one's own race

Which of the following best defines sexism?

  • The practice of using two or more languages
  • Discrimination based on a person's age
  • Prejudice based on a person's sex or gender (correct)
  • Unequal treatment based on economic status

What is a cash crop?

  • A crop sold for profit rather than personal use (correct)
  • Any raw material that can be purchased
  • A type of agricultural product used strictly for trade agreements
  • A crop grown primarily for self-consumption

What does divine right imply about rulers?

<p>They rule based on the belief that their authority comes from God (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is representative democracy?

<p>A government in which citizens elect representatives to make decisions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can racism be defined?

<p>Prejudice against individuals based on their race or ethnicity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does political revolution typically involve?

<p>A fundamental change in power through conflict or rebellion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes autocracy?

<p>A form of government where one person holds all the power (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes discrimination based on social class or perceived social status?

<p>Classism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best defines the term 'natural rights'?

<p>Rights that individuals are born with, such as life and liberty (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of a constitutional monarchy?

<p>Power is shared with a constitutionally-established body (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to a person who is legally recognized as a member of a state?

<p>Citizen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of 'feudalism'?

<p>A system involving land ownership and vassal duties in medieval times (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes an oligarchy?

<p>A government dominated by a small group of elites (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'vernacular' refer to?

<p>The dialect spoken by ordinary people in a region (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a political term that describes the authority of a state to govern itself?

<p>Sovereignty (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one primary reason Europeans sought alternative trade routes to Asia?

<p>To trade directly with Asian countries without intermediaries (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the key institutions that structured medieval European society?

<p>Feudalism, monarchy, and the Catholic Church (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant impact did the Bubonic Plague have on Europe in the 14th century?

<p>It caused a severe decline in population and social turmoil (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the Mongolian Empire's contribution to trade?

<p>It advanced trade and communication through Pax Mongolica (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the primary motivations behind the Crusades?

<p>To reclaim Jerusalem from Muslim control (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the Renaissance emphasize in contrast to the Medieval Period?

<p>Humanism and a return to classical art and science (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What motivated Europeans to engage in conquest in the Americas?

<p>Superior military technology, alliances, and diseases (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did humanism influence Western civilization during the Renaissance?

<p>By asserting the value of human potential and self-determination (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'stagnant' imply when describing economies or societies?

<p>Lacking movement or progress (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do clergy members typically fulfill in society?

<p>Religious leaders conducting ceremonies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the sociological revolution best described?

<p>A fundamental transformation in social structures (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by the term 'nation-state'?

<p>A political unit coinciding with a culturally defined group (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of wealth being increasingly concentrated at the top in the U.S.?

<p>Widening income inequality (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best defines gender bias?

<p>Unequal treatment based on gender (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes race from ethnicity?

<p>Race is generally defined by physical characteristics, while ethnicity involves cultural aspects. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What impact does redlining have on communities?

<p>It creates barriers to wealth accumulation in marginalized communities. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant outcome of the printing press?

<p>Spread knowledge and ideas across Europe (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was primarily responsible for initiating the Protestant Reformation?

<p>Martin Luther (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which concept is associated with absolutism?

<p>A monarch holds absolute power (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a major influence on the American Revolution?

<p>Intellectual movements and Enlightenment ideas (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterized the Reign of Terror during the French Revolution?

<p>Mass executions to eliminate enemies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Tsar Peter the Great differ in leadership from King Louis XIV?

<p>Peter the Great reformed and modernized Russia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the key ideas promoted by Enlightenment philosophes?

<p>Questioning traditional authority and advocating democracy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Enlightened monarchs attempted to reform society but were often contradictory to true Enlightenment principles. Why might this be?

<p>They often prioritized personal power over reforms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What led to the establishment of Haiti as the first independent black republic?

<p>Harsh treatment of enslaved people (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes nationalism?

<p>The belief in the superiority of one's nation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the main causes of the Latin American Revolutions?

<p>Social inequality and enlightenment ideals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Napoleon Bonaparte's military strategies ultimately contribute to his downfall?

<p>His campaigns became overly ambitious and led to overextension (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which revolutionary movement is known for being the first successful slave revolt?

<p>The Haitian Revolution (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines a nation-state?

<p>A unified political entity created through shared culture and history (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In terms of political ideology, how do liberals differ from conservatives?

<p>Liberals seek significant reforms and individual rights, whereas conservatives favor tradition (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of context in understanding historical events?

<p>It gives background information, explaining significance within a larger framework (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Classism

Discrimination or prejudice based on social class or perceived social status.

Vernacular

The language or dialect spoken by the ordinary people in a particular region.

Feudalism

A medieval system of land ownership and duties, where lords owned land and vassals or peasants worked it in exchange for protection.

Denomination

A recognized branch or sect of a particular religion, or a classification of currency.

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Natural Rights

Rights that individuals are born with, such as life, liberty, and property, often discussed in political philosophy.

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Sovereignty

The authority of a state to govern itself or control its own affairs.

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Nation

A large group of people with common characteristics, such as culture, history, language, or territory, often forming a political state.

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Prejudice

An unjustified or biased attitude toward a person or group based on characteristics like race, gender, or class.

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Self-Determination

The right of a people to decide their own political status or form of government.

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Sexism

Discrimination based on a person's sex or gender, often against women.

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Commodity

A raw material or agricultural product bought and sold, like coffee beans or cotton.

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Cash Crop

A crop grown specifically for sale, not personal use. Often used in trade.

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Divine Right

The belief that a monarch's right to rule comes directly from God.

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Representative Democracy

A system where citizens elect representatives to make decisions on their behalf.

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Political Cartoon

Illustrations that use humor to express political opinions or commentary.

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Racism

Discrimination against people based on their race or ethnicity.

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What is a despot?

A ruler with absolute power, often one who rules oppressively or tyrannically.

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What is a Sociological Revolution?

A fundamental transformation in society's structures, norms, and behaviors, often related to cultural, economic, or social shifts.

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What is a Nation-State?

A political entity in which a nation (a group with a shared identity) coincides with the boundaries of a state (a sovereign political entity).

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What was the Silk Road?

A network of trade routes connecting East Asia to Europe, facilitating the exchange of goods, ideas, and cultures between civilizations.

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What is Gender Bias?

The unfair treatment or judgment based on gender, which contributes to inequality by restricting opportunities and roles for individuals based on stereotypes.

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What is Redlining?

A practice of denying services to residents in certain areas based on race, which has historically hindered the accumulation of wealth in marginalized communities.

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What is Vernacular?

The language or dialect spoken by the ordinary people in a particular region.

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What is a Denomination?

A recognized branch or sect of a particular religion, or a classification of currency.

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What is feudalism?

A system of land ownership and duties in which lords owned land and vassals or peasants worked it in exchange for protection.

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What is the Medieval Period?

A period in European history characterized by the dominance of the Catholic Church, feudalism, and a focus on religion.

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What are the Crusades?

Military campaigns aimed at reclaiming Jerusalem from Muslim control, with lasting impact on Europe and the Middle East.

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What is the Bubonic Plague?

The spread of the Black Death, caused by fleas on rats, which devastated Europe in the 14th century.

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What is the Renaissance?

A cultural and intellectual movement in Europe that emphasized humanism, individualism, and a rediscovery of classical art, literature, and science.

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What is Humanism?

A philosophical movement that emphasized the value and potential of human beings and the pursuit of knowledge.

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What is the Columbian Exchange?

The exchange of goods, ideas, and diseases between the Old and New Worlds after European exploration of the Americas.

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What is the Transatlantic Slave Trade?

The forced migration of Africans to the Americas as slaves, a key part of colonial economies.

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Who was Napoleon Bonaparte?

The French Revolution saw him rise to power. His military victories were impressive, but his overexpansion and defeat in Russia led to his downfall.

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What was the Haitian Revolution?

This uprising began due to brutal slavery conditions and was fueled by the French Revolution's ideals. Led by Toussaint Louverture, it led to Haiti becoming the first independent black republic.

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Why was the Haitian Revolution important?

Its significance lies in being the first successful slave revolt, establishing Haiti as an independent nation and inspiring other revolutions across the globe.

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What were the Latin American Revolutions?

Social inequality, Enlightenment ideals, and frustration with colonial rule were key causes. This movement saw many Latin American nations gain independence.

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How did different revolutions compare?

They all aimed to overthrow oppressive systems. However, their outcomes varied: some led to stable democracies, while others resulted in dictatorships.

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What is nationalism?

This is a strong belief in one's nation's superiority based on shared history, language, or culture. It can unify people or create conflict.

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What are the bonds of a nation-state?

These entities are formed by shared cultural elements, language, history, and common institutions. These bonds unify people under a single political entity.

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How do Conservatives, Liberals, and Radicals differ?

Conservatives support tradition, liberals advocate for change and individual rights, while radicals desire dramatic, revolutionary changes in society.

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How did the printing press change communication?

A printing press revolutionized how information was spread by making books more accessible and affordable to the general public. This led to a wider distribution of knowledge and ideas across Europe during this period.

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What was the Protestant Reformation?

The Protestant Reformation was a major religious movement that started with Martin Luther's 95 Theses, which criticized the Catholic Church's practices. Luther's ideas, which emphasized individual interpretations of scripture, led to the formation of new Protestant denominations.

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What was the Scientific Revolution?

The Scientific Revolution was a period of tremendous advances in science and thought. It was marked by a shift away from traditional beliefs about the universe, paving the way for modern science.

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What is absolutism?

Absolutism is a political system where a monarch, or king/queen, has absolute power, controlling all aspects of government. This system grew in Europe because of wars, religious conflicts, and the centralizing power of states.

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How did Louis XIV and Peter the Great compare?

King Louis XIV of France epitomized absolutism with his rule. He centralized power and led a lavish lifestyle. Tsar Peter the Great, on the other hand, took a different approach to rule. He reformed Russia through modernization and westernization, making it a stronger power.

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What was the Enlightenment?

The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement that promoted reason, individual rights, and challenging traditional authority. It had a profound impact on political and social changes during the 18th century.

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Who were the philosophes?

Philosophes were thinkers of the Enlightenment movement. They championed ideas like democracy, natural rights, and the separation of powers. Key figures like Locke, Rousseau, and Montesquieu had a significant influence on the course of history.

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What were enlightened monarchs?

Enlightened monarchs were rulers who embraced some of the values of the Enlightenment. They sought to reform their societies, but their actions sometimes did not fully align with true Enlightenment principles.

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Study Notes

Vocabulary Words

  • Classism: Discrimination based on social class.
  • Vernacular: Local language or dialect.
  • Feudalism: Medieval land ownership system.
  • Denomination: Branch or sect of a religion.
  • Natural Rights: Rights inherent to individuals (life, liberty, property).
  • Sovereignty: Authority of a state to govern itself.
  • Nation: Large group of people with common characteristics.
  • Prejudice: Unjustified or biased attitude towards others.
  • Jargon: Specialized language used by a group.
  • Monarchy: Government ruled by a monarch.
  • Heresy: Belief that goes against established doctrine.
  • Constitutional Monarchy: Monarchy with a constitution and parliament.
  • Citizen: Legally recognized member of a state.
  • State: Political entity with defined borders and government.
  • Discrimination: Unfair treatment based on characteristics.
  • Chronology: Study of the sequence of events in history.
  • Zeal: Enthusiasm for a cause.
  • Doctrine: Set of beliefs or principles held by a group.

Oligarchy/Republic/Self-Determination/Sexism/Commodity/Cash Crop/Divine Right

  • Oligarchy: Small group in power.
  • Republic: Officials elected by people.
  • Self-Determination: Right to choose government.
  • Sexism: Discrimination based on sex/gender.
  • Commodity: Raw material for sale.
  • Cash Crop: Crop grown for sale, not consumption.
  • Divine Right: Monarchs rule by divine authority.

Representative Democracy/Political Cartoon/Racism/Caravan/Secular/Aristocracy/Direct Democracy/Annexation/Microaggression/Exotic/Sect/Autocracy/Political Revolution

  • Representative Democracy: Citizens elect representatives.
  • Political Cartoon: Comic strip with political message.
  • Racism: Discrimination based on race.
  • Caravan: Group of travelers.
  • Secular: Not religious or spiritual.
  • Aristocracy: Ruling class with noble titles.
  • Direct Democracy: Citizens directly participate.
  • Annexation: Incorporating territory into a state.
  • Microaggression: Small act of discrimination.
  • Exotic: Foreign, unusual, or different.
  • Sect: Subgroup within a larger group.
  • Autocracy: One person holds all power.
  • Political Revolution: Fundamental change in power.

Nationalism/Code-Switching/Stagnant/Clergy/Despot/Sociological Revolution/Nation-State

  • Nationalism: Strong sense of national pride.
  • Code-Switching: Using different languages based on context.
  • Stagnant: Lacking progress or development.
  • Clergy: Religious leaders.
  • Despot: Oppressive ruler with absolute power.
  • Sociological Revolution: Fundamental societal change.
  • Nation-State: Nation and state boundaries align.

Danger of a Single Story/Five Social Classes/Distribution of Wealth/Gender Bias/Race and Ethnicity/Generational Wealth/Redlining/Silk Road/Trans-Saharan Trade Routes/Indian Ocean Trade Routes/Mongols

  • Danger of a Single Story: Simplifying complex identities.
  • Five Social Classes: Classified by income, occupation, and education.
  • Distribution of Wealth: Concentration of wealth at the top.
  • Gender Bias: Unfair treatment based on gender.
  • Race and Ethnicity: Defined by physical and cultural factors.
  • Generational Wealth: Ability of a family to pass wealth down.
  • Redlining: Denying services to certain areas based on race.
  • Silk Road: Network of trade routes in Asia/Europe.
  • Trans-Saharan Trade Routes: Routes across North and West Africa.
  • Indian Ocean Trade Routes: Facilitated trade between east Africa, Middle East and Asia.
  • Mongols: Created a vast empire.

Medieval Period/Predominant Institutions/Crusades/Black/Bubonic Plague/Alternative Trade Routes/Conquest of the Americas/Columbian Exchange/Triangular Trade/Renaissance/Humanism/Printing Press/Protestant Reformation/Scientific Revolution/Absolutism/King Louis XIV/Tsar Peter/Enlightenment/Philosophes/Enlightened Monarchs/Revolution/Causes of the American Revolution

  • Medieval Period: Period in European history.
  • Predominant Institutions: Key structures (feudalism, monarchy, church).
  • Crusades: Military campaigns for control of a place.
  • Black/Bubonic Plague: Major pandemic.
  • Alternative Trade Routes: New paths around existing trade routes.
  • Conquest of the Americas: European colonization.
  • Columbian Exchange: Exchange of plants, animals, and ideas.
  • Triangular Trade: Slave trade system.
  • Renaissance: Cultural revival in Europe.
  • Humanism: Focus on human potential and values.
  • Printing Press: Revolutionized communication and knowledge spread.
  • Protestant Reformation: Religious movement challenging the church.
  • Scientific Revolution: Advancement in science.
  • Absolutism: Absolute monarchical power.
  • King Louis XIV: French absolute monarch.
  • Tsar Peter the Great: Russian reformer.
  • Enlightenment: Philosophical movement emphasizing reason.
  • Philosophes: Enlightenment thinkers.
  • Enlightened Monarchs: Ruling with enlightenment ideas.
  • Revolution: Overthrow of established government.
  • Causes of American Revolution: Dissatisfaction with British rule.

Monarchs of France/Reign of Terror/Napoleon Bonaparte/Haitian Revolution/Significance of the Haitian Revolution/Latin American Revolutions/Comparing Revolutions/Nationalism/Bonds Creating a Nation-State/Conservatives/Liberals/Radicals/Types of Nationalist Movements/Formula for Writing a Thesis Statement/Importance of Context

  • Monarchs of France: French royal family.
  • Reign of Terror: Period of violence.
  • Napoleon Bonaparte: French military leader.
  • Haitian Revolution: Slave revolt resulting in independence.
  • Significance of Haitian Revolution: Inspired other revolutions.
  • Latin American Revolutions: Independence movements in Latin America.
  • Comparing Revolutions: Analyzing similarities and differences.
  • Nationalism: Strong sense of national identity.
  • Bonds Creating a Nation-State: Elements that unite a nation.
  • Conservatives: Support traditional values and systems.
  • Liberals: Support reform and individual rights.
  • Radicals: Seek significant societal change.
  • Types of Nationalist Movements: Unifying or separatist.
  • Formula for Writing a Thesis Statement: Clear summary of main argument.
  • Importance of Context: Historical background for understanding events.

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Test your understanding of essential vocabulary in social studies with this quiz. Each term is significant for comprehending various social structures, rights, and governmental systems. Perfect for students aiming to deepen their knowledge in this field!

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