Key Terms in Critical Thinking

Glossary of Key Words

• Account - Explains the reasons for something.
• Analyse - Breaks down information to identify parts and their relationships.
• Apply - Uses something in a specific situation.
• Appreciate - Judges the value of something.
• Assess - Makes a judgement about the quality, outcome, or size of something.
• Calculate - Determines something using given facts and figures.
• Clarify - Makes something clear and understandable.
• Classify - Arranges items into categories.
• Compare - Shows how things are similar or different.
• Construct - Builds or creates something.
• Contrast - Shows how things are different or opposite.
• Critically Analyse/Evaluate - Provides a thorough and in-depth analysis/evaluation with logic, questioning, and reflection.
• Deduce - Reaches a conclusion based on given information.
• Define - States the meaning and identifies key characteristics.
• Demonstrate - Shows something by example.
• Describe - Provides characteristics and features.
• Discuss - Identifies issues and presents arguments for and against.
• Distinguish - Recognizes and points out differences.
• Evaluate - Makes a judgement based on criteria and determines the value of something.
• Examine - Inquires into something.
• Explain - Relates cause and effect, making relationships clear and providing "why" and/or "how."
• Extract - Chooses relevant or appropriate details.
• Extrapolate - Infers from what is known.
• Identify - Recognizes and names something.
• Interpret - Draw meaning from something.
• Investigate - Plans, inquires, and draws conclusions about something.
• Justify - Supports an argument or conclusion.
• Outline - Sketches the main features of something.
• Predict - Suggests what may happen based on available information.
• Propose - Puts forward an argument or suggestion for consideration.
• Recall - Presents remembered information or experiences.
• Recommend - Provides reasons in favor of something.
• Recount - Tells a series of events.
• Summarise - Expresses the main details concisely.
• Synthesise - Combines various elements to create a whole.

Body Systems

• Synovial Capsule: Surrounds the entire joint, holding everything in place.
• Synovial Membrane: A thin layer within the capsule that secretes synovial fluid.
• Synovial Fluid: Lubricates joints, provides nourishment for cartilage, and promotes safe movement.
• Cartilage (Hyaline Cartilage): Pads the ends of articulating bones, reducing friction and allowing bones to slide smoothly.
• Ligaments: Strong fibrous cords that attach bone to bone, stabilizing joints, particularly during movement.

Synovial Joints

• Most joints in the body are freely moveable and include highly mobile joints like the shoulders and knees.
• These joints are called voluntary or striated muscles, meaning they are under conscious control.
• Smooth muscle (involuntary muscle) is not under conscious control and contracts automatically. It is found in the walls of organs, such as the stomach and blood vessels.
• Cardiac muscle is found only in the heart. It is specialized muscle that works continuously and is not under conscious control.

Major Muscles

• A diagram is needed to show the major muscles. It must include the names of muscles and their location.

Muscle Fibres

• Fast Twitch Fibres: Used for powerful, fast movements, but they tire quickly.
• Slow Twitch Fibres: Used for endurance activities. They contract slowly with less force, but don't tire easily.
• The body has a similar number of muscle fibres in each individual. People with larger muscles have larger fibres, not more fibres.

Pulminary Diffusion

• Pulmonary diffusion is the exchange of gases in the blood.
• Transportation of Gases is the movement of gases in the blood to the cells.
• Internal respiration is the exchange of gases from the blood to the cells.

The Respiratory System

• A diagram is needed to show how the respiration system works.

Cardio-Respiration

• Cardiorespiratory fitness measures how well the body delivers oxygen to muscles during prolonged exercise.
• It also measures how well muscles use oxygen to produce energy through cellular respiration.
• Cardiorespiratory fitness is a measure of the strength of the aerobic energy system.

Practical Activity - Homework

• Endurance Activity: After participating in endurance-based exercise, record the resting heart rate, breathing rate, and heart rate/breathing rate after 1, 5, and 10 minutes. Briefly summarize the changes in heart and breathing rates during the endurance activity.

This quiz covers essential key terms and their meanings related to critical thinking and analysis. Whether you want to understand how to classify, assess, or compare information, this quiz will help solidify your knowledge. Perfect for students looking to enhance their academic vocabulary.