Key Scientists and Discoveries

Scientists and Their Contributions

• Oparin authored "The Origin of Life."
• Stanley Miller & Harold Urey recreated early Earth conditions to support Oparin's theory.
• Ernst Haeckel proposed the recapitulation theory.
• Charles Darwin is known for his work on natural selection.
• Hugo de Vries discovered mutation.
• T. R. Malthus is known for the theory of human population growth and essays on population.
• Alec Jeffreys developed DNA fingerprinting.
• Temin and Baltimore discovered reverse transcription.
• Jacob, Monod, and Lwoff proposed the Lac operon.
• Watson and Crick discovered the structure of DNA.
• Nirenberg and Khorana deciphered the genetic code.
• Benzer coined the terms cistron, recon, and muton.
• Gregor Mendel is considered the father of genetics.
• Sutton and Boveri proposed the chromosomal theory of inheritance.
• Hugo de Vries, Correns, and Tschermack rediscovered Mendelism.
• T.H. Morgan discovered linkage.
• P. Maheshwari worked with plant tissue culture.
• Henking discovered the X-chromosome.
• F. Miescher isolated nucleic acid from pus cells, calling it nuclein.
• Chargaff established the rule of equivalence in DNA structure.
• F. Griffith discovered transformation in bacteria.
• Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty proved that DNA is the genetic material.
• Hershey and Chase confirmed that DNA is the genetic material.
• Meselson and Stahl demonstrated the semi-conservative replication of DNA.
• G. Gamow proposed the triplet nature of codons.
• S. Ochoa discovered polynucleotide phosphorylase.
• Wallace divided the Earth into biogeographical regions.
• M.S. Swaminathan is known for the Green Revolution in India.
• H. Boyer discovered restriction enzymes.
• S. Cohen developed a method to transfer plasmid DNA into host cells.
• R. Mishra is considered the Father of Indian Ecology.
• E. Wilson coined the term "biodiversity."
• P. Ehrlich proposed the Rivet Popper Hypothesis.
• Sanger developed DNA/protein sequencing.

List of Abbreviations

• ADA stands for Adenosine Deaminase.
• CMI stands for Cell Mediated Immunity.
• DFC stands for Detritus Food Chain.
• EFB stands for European Federation of Biotechnology.
• EST stands for Expressed Sequence Tags.
• ET stands for Embryo Transfer.
• GFC stands for Grazing Food Chain.
• GMO stands for Genetically Modified Organism.
• GPP stands for Gross Primary Productivity.
• hnRNA stands for Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribo Nucleic Acid.
• IMR stands for Infant Mortality Rate.
• ICSI stands for Intra Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection.
• IUCD/IUD stands for Intra Uterine Contraceptive Device.
• IUCN is the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources.
• IUI stands for Intra Uterine Insemination.
• IUT stands for Intra Uterine Transfer.
• LAB stands for Lactic Acid Bacteria.
• MALT stands for Mucosal Associated Lymphoid Tissue.
• MMR stands for Maternal Mortality Rate.
• NACO stands for National AIDS Control Organisation.
• NPP stands for Net Primary Productivity.
• PID stands for Pelvic Inflammatory Diseases.
• PKU stands for Phenylketonuria.
• RCH stands for Reproductive and Child Health Care Programmes.
• SCID stands for Severe Combined Immuno Deficiency.
• SNPs stands for Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms.
• snRNA stands for Small Nuclear Ribo Nucleic Acid.
• SRNA stands for Soluble Ribo Nucleic Acid.
• SSBP stands for Single Strand Binding Protein.
• UTR stands for Untranslated Region.
• VNTRs stands for Variable Number of Tandem Repeats.