Key Historical Events and Figures

• The Treaty of Adrianople in 1829 was held in Turkey.
• Tipu Sultan was the ruler of Mysore.
• Italy and Germany are now part of the continent of Europe.
• The Bourbon dynasty was re-established in France by the Congress of Vienna.
• Austria was against the unification of Italy and Germany.
• The German Rhine state was built by Napoleon Bonaparte.
• The Second International Union, which took place in Paris on July 14, 1889, declared May 1st as International Labor Day.
• In Russia, Tsar means the Emperor of Russia.
• The Bolshevik Revolution took place in November 1917, also known as the October Revolution in the old calendar.
• Serfdom was abolished in 1861 by George Alexander II.
• Russia was defeated in the Crimean War.

Key Historical Events and Figures

• Russia was defeated in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-05
• World War I (1914-1918) paved the way for the Bolshevik Revolution.
• Bloody Sunday (or Red Sunday) occurred on January 9, 1905, or January 22, 1905, according to the new calendar.
• On January 9, 1905, a group of people marched towards the Winter Palace in St. Petersburg shouting "Give us bread!"
• After Bloody Sunday, the Duma was formed.
• The Russian Social Democratic Party was established in 1898.
• In 1903, the majority faction was called the Bolsheviks, and the minority faction was called the Mensheviks.
• The Socialist Revolutionary Party was founded in 1901.
• In 1975, the United Nations declared March 8 as International Women's Day.
• Lenin formed the 'April Theses' party.
• The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed between Russia and Germany.
• The Red Army was formed by Trotsky.
• Cheka was a police organization.
• Lenin announced the New Economic Policy in 1921.
• Lenin died in 1924.
• The Soviet Union disintegrated in December 1991.
• The proletariat is a class in society that includes farmers, laborers, and the poor.
• "War and Peace" was written by Leo Tolstoy.
• Karl Marx was not a European socialist.
• The first use of communist rule was in Russia.
• Karl Marx died in 1883.
• Stalin died in 1953.

Nationalist Movement in Indo-China

• Indo-China includes Cambodia, Vietnam, and Laos.
• The Kingdom of Kampuchea was founded in the 14th century.
• King Suryavarman II built the temple of Angkor Wat in the 12th century.
• The temple of Angkor Wat is dedicated to Lord Vishnu.
• Vasco da Gama discovered India in 1498.
• Vasco da Gama was Portuguese.
• By 1510 AD, the Portuguese had made Malacca a commercial center.
• By 1931, Vietnam had become the third largest rice exporting country in the world.
• The French who settled in Indochina were called 'colon.'
• Phan Boi Chau wrote The History of the Loss of Vietnam.
• Ho Chi Minh literally means 'pathfinder'.
• In 1914, patriots formed a Vietnamese nationalist party.
• Ho Chi Minh's other name was Nguyen Ai Quoc.
• The Annamese Communist Party was formed in Vietnam in 1925, led by Nguyen Ai Quoc.
• France was defeated by Germany in June 1940.
• Under the leadership of Ho Chi Minh, activists across the country established the Viet Minh (Vietnam) Independence League.
• Japan surrendered under the Potsdam Declaration.
• Bao Dai abdicated on August 25, 1945.
• The Hanoi Agreement was signed between France and Vietnam on March 6, 1946.
• In 1950, Russia and China recognized the Republic of Vietnam.
• The Geneva Agreement was signed in 1954.
• Hoa Hao was a Buddhist, religious, revolutionary movement that began in 1939, led by Huynh Phu So.
• A national government was formed in Laos after elections on December 25, 1955.

Key Figures and Events in Southeast Asian History

• A joint ministerial council was formed in May 1961.
• Norodom Sihanouk was the ruler of Cambodia.
• Nixon was the President of America.
• Cambodia was declared a republic on October 9, 1970.
• America attacked North Vietnam on August 5, 1964.
• The Ho Chi Minh Road passes through Laos and the border area of Cambodia, going as far as South Vietnam.
• Peace talks began in Paris in 1968.
• Nixon proposed a five-point plan.
• The Vietnam War ended in Paris on February 27, 1973.
• The Rowlatt Act was introduced in 1919 under the chairmanship of Sydney Rowlatt.
• A crowd gathered in Jallianwala Bagh to demand the release of Dr. Satyapal and Kitchlew.
• During the Jallianwala Bagh massacre, General O' Dyer was the District Magistrate of Amritsar.
• After the Jallianwala Bagh massacre, Rabindranath Tagore renounced his Knighthood and Gandhiji renounced his Kaiser-i-Hind title.
• The Khilafat Movement was in support of the ruler of Turkey in 1920.
• Mahatma Gandhi led the Indian Khilafat in November 1920.