Questions and Answers
Psychologists study behavior to develop __________ about mental processes?
theories
Researchers must first test experimental drugs on nonhuman participants for what type of considerations?
ethical
Psychology has its roots in which two origins?
philosophy and physiology
Whose laboratory marked the first formal beginning of psychology as a science?
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What is the basic flaw associated with introspection?
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What approach to psychology emphasized the practical nature of the mind?
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Psychologists have been widely criticized because its assertions cannot be tested in what type of setting?
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The fact that behavior can be observed and quantified and feelings cannot is the formation of what?
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Humanists emphasize the role of what in our lives?
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A psychiatrist possesses what type of degree?
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What is the difference between educational and school psychologists?
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What type of psychologist is most likely to aid in police work?
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The study of psychology investigates a wide variety of questions and attempts to answer them using what?
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When we are more likely to act when we are alone, this is known as what?
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Psychologists that are interested in studying both observable behavior and mental processes are known as?
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Who influenced our perception of mind and body?
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What is the definition of psychology?
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Physiologists adhere to the concept of what?
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What is a major part of the scientific method?
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An approach to psychology that attempts to break down experience into its basic elements or structures is known as?
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Structuralism uses which technique that provides scientific reports of perceptual experiences?
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Which scientist defined the task of psychology as the systematic study of the structure of the conscious mind?
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Why did structuralism fall out of favor with psychologists?
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An approach to psychology that emphasized the functional, practical nature of the mind is known as?
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Who developed psychoanalysis?
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What is the goal of behaviorism?
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An approach to psychology arguing that the whole of an experience is different from the sum of its parts is known as?
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An approach to psychology that emphasizes the role of free choice and our ability to make conscious rational decisions is known as?
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An approach to psychology that focuses on the ways in which organisms process information is known as?
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A field of specialization in psychology concerned with factors that influence development is known as?
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A field of specialization concerned with understanding the impact of social environments on individuals is known as?
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Study Notes
Key Concepts in Psychology
- Theories are developed by psychologists to explain mental processes based on observable behavior.
- Ethical considerations require testing experimental drugs on nonhuman participants before human trials.
- Psychology originates from philosophy and physiology, combining insights from both fields.
Historical Foundations
- Wilhelm Wundt's laboratory marked psychology's establishment as a formal science.
- Introspection, associated with Wundt, is criticized due to varying results from different researchers.
- Structuralism seeks to break down experiences into basic elements or structures.
Psychological Approaches
- Functionalism emphasizes the mind's practical nature and how it adapts to environment.
- Behaviorism focuses on observable behavior, asserting that it can be measured while feelings cannot.
- Humanistic psychology stresses the importance of free choice in human existence.
- Cognitive psychology investigates mental processes like thinking, memory, and problem-solving.
Specializations in Psychology
- Psychiatrists hold medical degrees and can prescribe medications.
- Educational psychologists work with school administration, while school psychologists directly engage with students.
- Forensic psychologists apply psychological principles in legal settings, assisting in police work.
Principles of Research
- Empiricism emphasizes studying what can be observed.
- The scientific method involves careful observation, prediction formulation, and systematic testing of hypotheses.
- Control groups play a vital role in experimental research as a benchmark for comparison.
Psychological Theories and Models
- Bystander apathy refers to the phenomenon where individuals are less likely to help in the presence of others.
- Gestalt psychology argues that experiences are best understood as whole entities rather than individual elements.
- Sigmund Freud introduced psychoanalysis, focusing on unconscious processes and childhood experiences.
Development over Time
- Structuralism eventually fell out of favor due to its short-lived nature and limitations in addressing complex human experiences.
- Developmental psychology studies behavior across the human lifespan from conception onwards.
- Social psychology analyzes the influence of social contexts and processes on individual behavior and cognition.
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Description
Explore fundamental concepts in psychology, including various theories, historical foundations, and psychological approaches. Learn how these developments shape our understanding of mental processes and behavior. Perfect for anyone studying psychology or interested in the evolution of the field.
