Key Concepts in Physics

Gravity: Attraction between masses; governs motion of celestial bodies.
Electromagnetism: Interaction between charged particles; responsible for electricity and magnetism.
Weak Nuclear Force: Responsible for radioactive decay and processes in nuclear reactions.
Strong Nuclear Force: Holds protons and neutrons together in atomic nuclei.

Newton's First Law: An object at rest stays at rest, an object in motion stays in motion unless acted upon by a force.
Newton's Second Law: Force equals mass times acceleration (F=ma).
Newton's Third Law: For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

Kinetic Energy: Energy of an object in motion (KE = 1/2 mv²).
Potential Energy: Stored energy based on position (PE = mgh).
Conservation of Energy: Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed.

Wave Properties: Frequency, wavelength, amplitude, speed.
Types of Waves:
- Mechanical (requires medium, e.g., sound waves)
- Electromagnetic (does not require medium, e.g., light waves)
Sound: Longitudinal wave; travels through air and other media.

Zeroth Law: If two systems are in thermal equilibrium with a third, they are in equilibrium with each other.
First Law: Energy conservation; internal energy change equals heat added minus work done.
Second Law: Entropy of an isolated system always increases.
Third Law: As temperature approaches absolute zero, the entropy of a perfect crystal approaches zero.

Ohm's Law: Voltage equals current times resistance (V = IR).
Coulomb's Law: The force between two charges is directly proportional to the product of their charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
Magnetic Fields: Regions around magnets where magnetic forces can be observed; generated by moving charges.

Relativity: Einstein's theory that describes the relationship between space, time, and gravity; includes Special and General Relativity.
Quantum Mechanics: Study of the behavior of matter and energy at atomic and subatomic levels; includes concepts like wave-particle duality and uncertainty principle.

Engineering: Application of physical principles to design and build structures, machines, and technology.
Medicine: Use of physics in medical imaging (e.g., X-rays, MRI), radiation therapy, and other diagnostic tools.
Environmental Science: Understanding physical processes in ecosystems, climate change, and energy conservation.

Understand core concepts and how they relate to each other.
Practice problem-solving with real-world applications.
Use diagrams and charts to visualize concepts (e.g., force vectors, energy diagrams).
Conduct experiments or simulations to reinforce learning.

Gravity: The force that draws two masses together; essential in the orbits of planets and stars.
Electromagnetism: Interaction among charged particles; underpins electrical phenomena and magnetism.
Weak Nuclear Force: Governs the decay of particles; crucial for processes such as beta decay in atomic nuclei.
Strong Nuclear Force: The fundamental force binding protons and neutrons in atomic nuclei; much stronger than electromagnetic force at short ranges.

Newton's First Law: Objects maintain their state of motion unless influenced by an external force, illustrating inertia.
Newton's Second Law: The relationship between force, mass, and acceleration, formalized as F=ma, indicating how mass affects the acceleration of an object.
Newton's Third Law: Highlights the interaction between forces; every action yields a reaction of equal magnitude in the opposite direction.

Kinetic Energy (KE): Energy due to motion, calculated using the formula KE = 1/2 mv², where m is mass and v is velocity.
Potential Energy (PE): Stored energy that depends on an object's position, with gravitational potential energy calculated as PE = mgh (m = mass, g = gravitational acceleration, h = height).
Conservation of Energy: Energy is invariant; it can shift forms (e.g., from potential to kinetic) but cannot be created or annihilated.

Wave Properties: Characteristics include frequency (number of cycles per second), wavelength (distance between successive crests), amplitude (height of the wave), and speed.
Types of Waves: Mechanical waves (e.g., sound, require a medium to travel) versus electromagnetic waves (e.g., light, do not require a medium).
Sound: A longitudinal mechanical wave that propagates through various media like air, water, and solids.

Zeroth Law: Establishes the basis of temperature; if two systems have equilibrium with a third system, they share the same temperature.
First Law: A form of energy conservation; the change in internal energy of a system equals the heat added to the system minus the work done by the system.
Second Law: Entropy, a measure of disorder, tends to increase in an isolated system, explaining the direction of spontaneous processes.
Third Law: States that as the temperature approaches absolute zero, the entropy of a perfect crystal approaches nil.

Ohm's Law: Fundamental relationship between voltage (V), current (I), and resistance (R); expressed as V = IR.
Coulomb's Law: Describes the electrostatic force between two point charges; force is proportional to the product of the charges and inversely proportional to the square of their separation distance.
Magnetic Fields: Created around magnets and moving electric charges; significant in the study of electromagnetism.

Relativity: Einstein's framework linking space and time; consists of Special Relativity (deals with objects moving at constant speeds) and General Relativity (addresses gravity and acceleration).
Quantum Mechanics: Focuses on atomic and subatomic phenomena; introduces concepts such as wave-particle duality and the uncertainty principle, revolutionizing physics.

Engineering: Utilizes physics to innovate in the design and construction of structures and mechanical systems, crucial for modern technology.
Medicine: Engages physics principles in imaging techniques (e.g., X-rays, MRI) and therapies utilizing radiation.
Environmental Science: Investigates physical processes in biological and ecological contexts; vital for tackling issues like climate change and energy sustainability.

Grasp fundamental principles and their connections for deeper understanding.
Engage with real-world problem-solving applications for practical insights.
Utilize visual aids such as diagrams and charts to comprehend concepts clearly.
Conduct hands-on experiments or simulations for experiential learning reinforcement.