Key Concepts in Medical Surgical Nursing

Questions and Answers

Which of the following are considered risk factors for health care situations? (Select all that apply)

Excessive alcohol use (correct)

Lack of physical activity (correct)

Tobacco use (correct)

Poor nutrition (correct)

Match the following leading causes of death in the Philippines with their description:

Ischaemic heart disease = Leading cause of death Lower respiratory infections = Common respiratory condition Stroke = Neurological emergency Kidney disease = Affects renal function

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is classified as a communicable disease.

False

What are the two main categories of causes of death?

Communicable and non-communicable diseases Signup and view all the answers

Marasmus is characterized by ___ and bones.

skin Signup and view all the answers

Kwashiorkor is characterized by ___, big, protein-deficiency.

edematous Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Key Concepts in Medical Surgical Nursing

Focus areas include heart disease, stroke, cancer, diabetes, obesity, and arthritis.
Understanding the risk factors can aid in prevention and management of diseases.

Global Causes of Death

The leading causes of death globally are categorized into three main areas:
1. Cardiovascular Diseases:
  - Includes ischaemic heart disease and stroke.
2. Respiratory Diseases:
  - Involves Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and lower respiratory infections.
3. Neonatal Conditions:
  - Encompasses birth asphyxia, prenatal infections, and preterm birth complications.

Major Risk Factors for Chronic Diseases

Tobacco use contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality.
Poor nutrition leads to various health issues.
Lack of physical activity increases the risk of chronic conditions.
Excessive alcohol use is linked to numerous health complications.

Nursing Care for Chronic Conditions

Aims to alleviate and manage symptoms effectively.
Supports patients in psychologically adjusting to disabilities.
Focuses on preventing and managing crises and complications.
Encourages adherence to prescribed management regimens.
Validates individual self-worth and family functioning during care.
Addresses threats to personal identity and helps normalize life amidst illness.
Promotes social connections to combat isolation and loneliness.

Cause of Death Categorization

Death causes are split into:
- Communicable Diseases: Include infections, parasitic diseases, maternal and nutritional conditions.
- Non-Communicable Diseases: Include chronic illnesses and injuries.

Leading Causes of Death in the Philippines (WHO 2019)

Main causes include ischaemic heart disease, lower respiratory infections, and stroke.
Other significant diseases include kidney disease, hypertensive heart disease, COPD, diabetes mellitus, tuberculosis, and neonatal conditions.

Cultural Competence in Nursing Care

Emphasizes the importance of cultural awareness in nursing.
Nurses should engage in self-reflection and continuous self-evaluation to identify cultural knowledge deficits.
Addressing biases and barriers is critical for providing culturally competent care.
Respect for diverse cultural norms and behaviors is essential in patient interactions.

Nutritional Deficiencies

Marasmus: Characterized by extreme weight loss and muscle wasting.
Kwashiorkor: Associated with edema and is a result of protein deficiency, leading to noticeable swelling and malnutrition symptoms.

Description

This quiz covers critical concepts in medical surgical nursing, focusing on prevalent conditions like heart disease and diabetes. Understanding global causes of death and major risk factors for chronic diseases will enhance your management skills in nursing care. Test your knowledge on effective prevention strategies and patient care techniques.