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What does 'development' refer to?
What does 'development' refer to?
What is the term used to refer to a child from birth through the first year of life?
What is the term used to refer to a child from birth through the first year of life?
infant
What term describes a child from the first year until the third birthday?
What term describes a child from the first year until the third birthday?
toddler
What term refers to children ages three to six years?
What term refers to children ages three to six years?
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What is defined as physical body changes in a growing individual?
What is defined as physical body changes in a growing individual?
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What involves improvement of skills involving arms, legs, and whole body movements?
What involves improvement of skills involving arms, legs, and whole body movements?
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What is the ability to coordinate the small muscles in the arms, fingers, and wrists called?
What is the ability to coordinate the small muscles in the arms, fingers, and wrists called?
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What refers to the growth in mental processes used to gain knowledge?
What refers to the growth in mental processes used to gain knowledge?
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What refers to the growth in social and emotional skills?
What refers to the growth in social and emotional skills?
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What principle of development states that growth tends to proceed from the head downward?
What principle of development states that growth tends to proceed from the head downward?
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What principle notes that the development of the body occurs in an outward direction?
What principle notes that the development of the body occurs in an outward direction?
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What is described as a sequence of biological changes in a child granting new abilities?
What is described as a sequence of biological changes in a child granting new abilities?
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What are specialized nerve cells called?
What are specialized nerve cells called?
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What are the connections between nerve cells that pass messages in the brain?
What are the connections between nerve cells that pass messages in the brain?
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What term describes specific spans of time for the normal development of certain skills?
What term describes specific spans of time for the normal development of certain skills?
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What is a principle or idea that is proposed and generally accepted as an explanation?
What is a principle or idea that is proposed and generally accepted as an explanation?
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What are mental representations or concepts called?
What are mental representations or concepts called?
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What is the period between birth and two years of age during which infants use all their senses to explore and learn called?
What is the period between birth and two years of age during which infants use all their senses to explore and learn called?
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What period occurs between ages two and seven during which children learn to classify groups and use symbols?
What period occurs between ages two and seven during which children learn to classify groups and use symbols?
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What is the use of logic based on what has been experienced or seen termed?
What is the use of logic based on what has been experienced or seen termed?
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Who developed the theory of multiple intelligences?
Who developed the theory of multiple intelligences?
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Study Notes
Key Concepts in Child Development
- Development: Refers to change or growth in individuals, measured through physical, intellectual, social, and emotional parameters.
- Infant: A child from birth to one year old.
- Toddler: A child from one to three years, characterized by an awkward walking style.
- Preschooler: Refers to children aged three to six years.
Types of Development
- Physical Development: Involves changes in the body, including bone thickness, weight, size, vision, and coordination.
- Gross-Motor Development: Enhances movements involving larger muscle groups, such as running, jumping, throwing, and climbing.
- Fine-Motor Development: Focuses on the coordination of small muscles for tasks like grasping, holding, cutting, drawing, and writing.
- Cognitive Development: Involves the growth of mental processes for gaining knowledge, including thought, reasoning, and imagination.
- Social-Emotional Development: Pertains to the growth of social and emotional skills.
Principles of Development
- Cephalocaudal Principle: Development progresses from head to toe; control of the head comes first, followed by the arms and then the legs.
- Proximodistal Principle: Development starts at the center of the body and moves outward; the spinal cord develops before arms, which develop before hands and fingers.
Biological and Neural Concepts
- Maturation: Refers to the sequence of biological changes that provide a child with new abilities.
- Neurons: Specialized nerve cells responsible for transmitting information.
- Synapses: Connections between nerve cells that facilitate communication in the brain.
Developmental Timeframes and Theoretical Frameworks
- Windows of Opportunity: Specific time frames critical for normal skill development.
- Theory: A well-researched principle or idea accepted as an explanation in development.
- Schemata: Mental representations or concepts that aid in cognitive understanding.
Stages of Cognitive Development
- Sensorimotor Stage: Occurs from birth to two years; infants learn through sensory exploration and physical interactions with the environment.
- Preoperational Stage: Ages two to seven; children begin classifying and using symbols and images but lack logical reasoning.
- Concrete Operations: Involves logical thinking based on direct experiences.
Psychological Theories
- Multiple Intelligences: Proposed by Howard Gardner, this theory asserts that there are different types of intelligences, each functioning independently but interconnected. Development of these intelligences requires nurturing.
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Description
This quiz explores essential concepts in child development from infancy to preschool age. It covers various types of development, including physical, cognitive, and social-emotional aspects. Test your understanding of how children grow and change during these critical early years.
