Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a characteristic feature of prokaryotic cells?
What is a characteristic feature of prokaryotic cells?
- They have loops of DNA known as plasmids. (correct)
- They contain a nucleus.
- They possess multiple membrane-bound organelles.
- They are larger than eukaryotic cells.
How is specificity described in the context of enzymes?
How is specificity described in the context of enzymes?
- It refers to an enzyme's ability to catalyze multiple types of reactions.
- It describes the ability of an enzyme to work in various environmental conditions.
- It denotes the ability of an enzyme to catalyze only a specific reaction or substrate. (correct)
- It indicates that an enzyme can bind to any substrate it encounters.
Which statement correctly defines osmosis?
Which statement correctly defines osmosis?
- The diffusion of water from a region of low concentration to high concentration.
- The movement of water from high to low solute concentration across a permeable membrane.
- The diffusion of water molecules from a region of high water concentration to low water concentration across a partially permeable membrane. (correct)
- The active transport of water molecules against their concentration gradient.
What is the primary function of ribosomes within a cell?
What is the primary function of ribosomes within a cell?
What does the term 'resolution' refer to in a biological context?
What does the term 'resolution' refer to in a biological context?
What process involves the net spreading out of particles from a region of high concentration to one of low concentration?
What process involves the net spreading out of particles from a region of high concentration to one of low concentration?
Which of the following describes a diploid cell?
Which of the following describes a diploid cell?
Which microscope provides a higher magnification and resolution than light microscopes?
Which microscope provides a higher magnification and resolution than light microscopes?
What type of enzyme is responsible for breaking down lipids into fatty acids and glycerol?
What type of enzyme is responsible for breaking down lipids into fatty acids and glycerol?
What is the primary function of the mitochondria in a cell?
What is the primary function of the mitochondria in a cell?
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of eukaryotic cells?
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of eukaryotic cells?
What is the correct relationship between image size, magnification, and real size as described in the magnification formula?
What is the correct relationship between image size, magnification, and real size as described in the magnification formula?
What test produces a blue/black color when iodine solution is added to a sample containing starch?
What test produces a blue/black color when iodine solution is added to a sample containing starch?
What is the role of the acrosome in a sperm cell?
What is the role of the acrosome in a sperm cell?
What is active transport in cellular processes?
What is active transport in cellular processes?
How does the Biuret test indicate the presence of protein in a solution?
How does the Biuret test indicate the presence of protein in a solution?
What is denaturation in the context of enzymes?
What is denaturation in the context of enzymes?
What is the primary function of chloroplasts in plant cells?
What is the primary function of chloroplasts in plant cells?
What characteristic defines the cell membrane?
What characteristic defines the cell membrane?
Which statement best describes the function of cilia?
Which statement best describes the function of cilia?
During calorimetry, what is being measured?
During calorimetry, what is being measured?
Flashcards
Active site
Active site
The specific region on an enzyme where the substrate binds and the reaction takes place.
Active transport
Active transport
The movement of substances from a low concentration to a higher concentration across a membrane, using energy from respiration.
Cell membrane
Cell membrane
A partially permeable barrier that surrounds the cell.
Concentration gradient
Concentration gradient
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Denaturation
Denaturation
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Chromosome
Chromosome
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Carbohydrases
Carbohydrases
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Cell
Cell
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Diffusion
Diffusion
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Diploid Cell
Diploid Cell
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Electron Microscope
Electron Microscope
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Enzyme
Enzyme
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Eukaryotic Cell
Eukaryotic Cell
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Iodine Test
Iodine Test
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Lipid
Lipid
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Magnification
Magnification
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Osmosis
Osmosis
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Percentage change in mass
Percentage change in mass
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Picometre (pm)
Picometre (pm)
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Plasmid
Plasmid
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Study Notes
Key Concepts in Biology
- Acrosome: An organelle in the sperm tip containing enzymes to digest the egg cell membrane.
- Active site: The specific region on an enzyme where the substrate binds and reaction takes place.
- Active transport: Movement of substances from low to high concentration across a membrane, requiring energy from respiration.
- Benedict's test: A chemical test for reducing sugars, producing a colour change based on sugar concentration.
- Biuret test: A chemical test for proteins, producing a purple colour in their presence.
- Calorimetry: Measuring heat transfer during a chemical reaction.
- Carbohydrases: Enzymes that break down carbohydrates into simple sugars.
- Carbohydrate: A large molecule formed from simple sugars.
- Cell: Basic unit of all living organisms.
- Cell membrane: A partially permeable barrier surrounding a cell.
- Cell wall: A rigid outer layer (cellulose) strengthening plant cells.
- Chloroplast: Organelle responsible for photosynthesis.
- Chromosome: A long DNA molecule carrying genetic information in genes.
- Cilia: Hair-like structures on ciliated epithelial cells that move substances.
- Ciliated epithelial cell: Epithelial cell type lining surfaces like the respiratory tract.
- Concentration gradient: Difference in concentration between two areas.
- Denaturation: A permanent change in enzyme shape, preventing substrate binding, due to high temperature or pH extremes.
- Diffusion: The net movement of particles from high to low concentration.
- Diploid cell: A cell with two sets of chromosomes.
- Egg cell: A female sex cell involved in reproduction.
- Electron microscope: A microscope using electrons to produce high-magnification images.
- Emulsion test: A chemical test for lipids, producing a cloudy emulsion.
- Enzyme: A biological catalyst increasing reaction rates.
- Eukaryotic cell: A cell containing a nucleus.
- Flagella: A long hair-like structure on bacterial cells used for movement.
- Haploid cell: A cell containing one set of chromosomes.
- Iodine test: A chemical test for starch, turning blue-black in presence of starch.
- Light microscope: A microscope using visible light to magnify images.
- Lipases: Enzymes that break down lipids into fatty acids and glycerol.
- Lipid: A large molecule formed from fatty acids and glycerol.
- Lock and key hypothesis: Theory proposing that substrate shape must match enzyme active site for reaction.
- Magnification: The multiple of image size versus original object size.
- Micrometre (μm): A unit of length (10⁻⁶ metre).
- Millimetre (mm): A unit of length (10⁻³ metre).
- Mitochondria: Organelle responsible for respiration.
- Nanometre (nm): A unit of length (10⁻⁹ metre).
- Nucleus: Organelle controlling cell activities and containing genetic material.
- Organelle: A specialized structure within a cell.
- Osmosis: The diffusion of water across a partially permeable membrane (high to low water concentration).
- Percentage change in mass: A calculation for percentage change in mass.
- Picometre (pm): A unit of length (10⁻¹² metre).
- Plasmid: Loop of DNA in prokaryotic cells
- Prokaryotic cell: A cell without a nucleus.
- Proteases: Enzymes that break down proteins into amino acids.
- Protein: A large molecule formed from amino acids.
- Rate of reaction: Speed at which reactants are converted into products.
- Resolution: The smallest detail that can be distinguished in an image.
- Ribosomes: Sub-cellular structures where proteins are synthesized.
- Specialised cell: A cell adapted for a specific function.
- Specificity: The ability of an enzyme to catalyse only specific reactions.
- Sperm cell: A specialized male sex cell involved in reproduction.
- Vacuole: An organelle in plant cells storing cell sap and maintaining support.
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