Key Concepts in Argumentation
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Questions and Answers

What is an argument?

  • Just any spoken word.
  • A debate between multiple parties.
  • A statement that expresses a point of view. (correct)
  • Only a written statement.

    • Who is the audience in an argument?

    The person or persons to whom the argument is directed.

    What are the purposes of argument?

  • To inform, convince, persuade, explore. (correct)
  • To entertain only.
  • To confuse the audience.
  • To create unnecessary debates.

    • What is a Rogerian Argument?

    <p>A non-threatening approach to find common ground and establish trust among those who disagree.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes Arguments to Inform?

    <p>They aim to provide the audience with information they didn't know.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Arguments to Convince aimed at?

    <p>Leading audiences to agree that a claim is true.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of Arguments to Persuade?

    <p>To change a point of view or move others from conviction to action.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do Arguments to Explore urge the audience to do?

    <p>Seek further information and analysis for understanding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do Arguments to Make Decisions focus on?

    <p>Considering various alternatives to make good choices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Arguments to Meditate/Pray?

    <p>To reach a peace of mind or transform oneself and the audience.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Forensic Argument used for?

    <p>To investigate what has happened in the past.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Deliberative Argument involve?

    <p>Arguments about what will or should happen in the future.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Epideictic/Ceremonial Argument deal with?

    <p>Contemporary values and offers praise or blame.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Academic Arguments?

    <p>Presented to knowledgeable audiences using the best available information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Stasis Theory?

    <p>A method for determining the nature of arguments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an Argument of Fact?

    <p>An argument that can be proved or disproved with evidence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Arguments of Definition specify?

    <p>Whether something meets certain conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do Arguments of Evaluation present?

    <p>Criteria and measure entities against those standards.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of Proposal Arguments?

    <p>Making claims for or against a specific course of action.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who are Intended Audiences?

    <p>The actual people a writer or speaker wants to address.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Invoked Readers?

    <p>Audiences directly addressed or implied in an argument's text.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who are considered 'Real' Readers?

    <p>Those not originally imagined or called forth by the writer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Pathos?

    <p>Messages containing emotional appeals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Ethos appeal to?

    <p>The ethical presentation of self.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Logos?

    <p>Appeals to logic using reasons and evidence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the aim of an Invitational Argument?

    <p>Encouraging collaboration in problem-solving.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Kairos refer to?

    <p>The suitable time and place for making an argument.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Rhetoric?

    <p>The art of persuasion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Aristotle's Rhetorical Appeals?

    <p>The use of ethos, pathos, and logos.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Rhetorical Situation?

    <p>The relationship between topic, author, audience, and context.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Key Concepts in Argumentation

    • Argument: Expression of a point of view using evidence and reason to uncover truth and persuade others.
    • Audience: The targeted person or group for whom the argument is intended.

    Purposes of Argument

    • Inform: Provide new information, often seen in advertisements.
    • Convince: Change beliefs without necessitating action; relies on evidence to sway opinions.
    • Persuade: Move audiences to action, utilizing rhetorical techniques and emotional appeals.
    • Explore: Encourage deeper understanding of issues, often addressing serious societal problems.
    • Make Decisions: Examine alternatives and weigh pros and cons for informed choices in public contexts.
    • Meditate/Pray: Seek personal transformation and inner peace through intense messages.

    Types of Arguments

    • Rogerian Argument: Focus on common ground and understanding differing perspectives without hostility.
    • Forensic Argument: Investigate past events using evidence and testimonies to reconstruct historical occurrences.
    • Deliberative Argument: Speculate on future actions based on past analyses.
    • Epideictic/Ceremonial Argument: Reflect on contemporary values, providing praise or blame for present actions.
    • Academic Arguments: Formal and impersonal discussions presented to knowledgeable audiences based on thorough research.

    Rhetorical Framework

    • Stasis Theory: Identifies the nature of a situation to formulate appropriate arguments (fact, definition, evaluation, proposal).
    • Arguments of Fact: Claims proven or disproven through specific evidence.
    • Arguments of Definition: Examine whether something meets specified criteria.
    • Arguments of Evaluation: Measure subjects against established standards.
    • Proposal Arguments: Advocates for or against specific courses of action.

    Audience Engagement

    • Intended Audiences: The specific people a writer or speaker aims to address.
    • Invoked Readers: Those directly addressed or implied in an argument, including unintended individuals.
    • "Real" Readers: Actual audience members who may differ from those initially considered by the writer.

    Rhetorical Appeals

    • Pathos: Emotional appeals to connect with the audience’s feelings.
    • Ethos: Ethical appeal, establishing credibility and shared values with the audience.
    • Logos: Logical reasoning supported by facts and evidence.

    Collaboration in Argumentation

    • Invitational Argument: Encourages cooperation in problem-solving rather than adversarial opposition.

    Timing and Context

    • Kairos: Emphasizes the importance of timing and context for effective argumentation.
    • Rhetoric: The art of persuasion, rooted in principles established by Aristotle.

    Rhetorical Situation

    • Rhetorical Situation: The dynamic relationship among the topic, author, audience, and various contexts that shape responses.

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    Description

    This quiz explores essential principles of argumentation, including its purposes and various types. Learn how arguments can inform, convince, persuade, explore, and lead to decision-making. Delve into the nuances of different argument styles such as Rogerian and forensic arguments.

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