Key Characteristics of Water
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Questions and Answers

What percentage of Earth's water is freshwater?

  • 5%
  • 10%
  • 1%
  • 3% (correct)

    • Which type of plants have evolved to survive in salty water?

  • Halophytes (correct)
  • Xerophytes
  • Mangroves
  • Cacti

    • What is the primary reason why ocean water is not directly usable for drinking or agriculture?

  • It's too deep
  • It's too salty (correct)
  • It's too cold
  • It's too polluted

    • What percentage of Earth's water is accessible and usable for humans and animals?

    <p>1%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of water in biological processes?

    <p>Dissolving substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of plants are adapted to survive in dry conditions?

    <p>Xerophytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of Earth's surface covered by water?

    <p>3/4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of freshwater that is locked in glaciers and ice caps?

    <p>2%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of alkaline substances?

    <p>pH more than 7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the neutralization reaction of an acid and a base?

    <p>Salt and water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of carbon dioxide?

    <p>Two oxygen atoms bonded to a single carbon atom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the surface tension of mercury?

    <p>Higher than any other liquid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of basic salts?

    <p>They produce hydroxide ions in water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of surface tension?

    <p>The elastic tendency of liquids to minimize their surface area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the conditions of standard temperature and pressure (STP)?

    <p>0°C and 100,000 Pa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the state of carbon dioxide at standard temperature and pressure (STP)?

    <p>Gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of water in mechanical weathering?

    <p>It contributes to physical breakdown through freeze-thaw cycles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of plants require a moderate amount of water?

    <p>Mesophytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is water's role in the ecosystem?

    <p>It is the universal solvent and the basis of all life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a diurnal behavior?

    <p>Foraging during the day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of water in chemical weathering?

    <p>It reacts with minerals in rocks to dissolve or form new minerals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of plants live in water?

    <p>Hydrophytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of freeze-thaw cycles in mechanical weathering?

    <p>The rocks undergo physical breakdown</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is unique about epiphytes?

    <p>They get their water from the air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Water Characteristics

    • Water is a universal solvent, capable of dissolving more substances than any other liquid.
    • It is an odorless and tasteless substance that covers more than 3/4 of the Earth's surface.
    • Oceans hold 97% of Earth's water, making it saline and not directly usable for drinking or agriculture without desalination.
    • Only 3% of Earth's water is freshwater, and 2% of that is locked in glaciers and ice caps.
    • A mere 1% of freshwater is accessible and usable for humans and animals, found in rivers, lakes, and underground aquifers.

    Plant Groups

    • Hydrophytes: Water-loving plants that live in water.
    • Xerophytes: Plants that grow under dry conditions.
    • Halophytes: Saltwater-loving plants that can live in salty water.
    • Mesophytes: Plants that need a moderate amount of water.
    • Epiphytes: Plants that get their water from the air.

    Bases

    • Alkaline substances that buffer acidic conditions.
    • Characteristics: corrosive, soapy feel, pH > 7, turns red litmus paper to blue, and reacts with acids to form salt and water.
    • Contain hydroxyl ions (-OH).

    Salts

    • Ionic compounds that result from the neutralization reaction of an acid and a base.
    • Composed of cations (positively charged ions) and anions (negative ions) for electrical neutrality.
    • Basic salts: hydrolyze to produce hydroxide ions when dissolved in water.
    • Acid salts: hydrolyze to produce hydronium ions in water.
    • Neutral salts: neither acid nor basic salts.

    Carbon Dioxide

    • A naturally occurring chemical compound composed of two oxygen atoms covalently bonded to a single carbon atom.
    • Gas at standard temperature and pressure (STP).
    • STP: temperature of 273.15 K (0 °C, 32 °F) and an absolute pressure of 100,000 Pa or 0.9869 atm.

    Weathering

    • Chemical Weathering: Water reacts with minerals in rocks, causing them to dissolve or form new minerals.
    • Mechanical Weathering: Water contributes to physical breakdown through processes such as freeze-thaw cycles.

    Diurnal

    • Active during the day.
    • Most activity occurs when there is daylight available for foraging, hunting, or other behaviors.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the unique properties of water, including its ability to dissolve substances and its role in biological processes.

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