5-L2+
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Questions and Answers

What is the process by which the LDL receptor with its bound LDL particle is taken into the cell?

  • Pinocytosis
  • Exocytosis
  • Phagocytosis
  • Endocytosis (correct)

    • What happens to the cholesterol esters inside the cell during the lysosomal digestion process?

  • They are used by the cell
  • They are excreted from the cell
  • They are converted to free cholesterol (correct)
  • They are stored as cholesterol esters

    • What are the two main things the cell can do with the free cholesterol released within it?

  • Store it as cholesterol esters and use it (correct)
  • Store it as cholesterol esters and synthesize more cholesterol
  • Use it and excrete it
  • Store it as cholesterol esters and excrete it

    • How does the cell's cholesterol level affect its synthesis of cholesterol and LDL receptors?

    <p>It inhibits cholesterol synthesis and reduces LDL receptor synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the genetic condition described in the text?

    <p>Familial hypercholesterolaemia (Type IIa hyperlipoproteinaemia)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main types of individuals affected by Familial hypercholesterolaemia?

    <p>Homozygotes and heterozygotes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of Familial hypercholesterolaemia?

    <p>Elevated levels of LDL and cholesterol in the plasma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the development of atherosclerosis differ between homozygotes and heterozygotes of Familial hypercholesterolaemia?

    <p>Homozygotes develop extensive atherosclerosis early in life, while heterozygotes develop it later in life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of the elevated LDL and cholesterol levels in Familial hypercholesterolaemia?

    <p>Decreased LDL receptor activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a key feature of the LDL receptor pathway described in the text?

    <p>The free cholesterol is excreted from the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three ketone bodies produced in the body?

    <p>Acetoacetate, Beta-hydroxybutyrate, Acetones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    From which molecules are Acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate synthesized in the liver?

    <p>Acetyl-CoA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may high concentrations of Acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate in the plasma cause?

    <p>Ketoacidosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is Acetone excreted from the body?

    <p>Via the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of lipoproteins in the body?

    <p>Transport lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do most albumin-bound fatty acids come from?

    <p>Adipose tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical concentration of blood fatty acids under normal conditions?

    <p>~3mM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which conditions are ketone bodies typically produced in the body?

    <p>Low food intake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Ketonuria' refers to the excretion of ketone bodies in which bodily fluid?

    <p>Urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one property of ketone bodies that allows for high plasma concentrations?

    <p>Water-solubility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of lipoproteins in the body?

    <p>To transport lipids in the bloodstream</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about apoproteins is correct?

    <p>They are involved in the activation of enzymes and recognition of cell surface receptors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the Fredrickson classification, which type of hyperlipoproteinemia is associated with a defective LDL receptor?

    <p>Type IIa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the enzyme lipoprotein lipase?

    <p>To remove the core triglycerides from lipoprotein particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about LDL metabolism is correct?

    <p>Tissues obtain cholesterol from LDL particles through receptor-mediated endocytosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hyperlipoproteinemia is characterized by raised chylomicrons and VLDL in the fasting plasma?

    <p>Type V</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the enzyme lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT)?

    <p>To convert cholesterol to cholesterol esters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hyperlipoproteinemia is caused by a defective apoprotein E?

    <p>Type III</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary treatment approach for hyperlipoproteinemia?

    <p>Diet and lifestyle modification, statins, and bile salt sequestrants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about primary and secondary dyslipoproteinemias is correct?

    <p>Secondary dyslipoproteinemias are acquired as a result of diet, drugs, or an underlying disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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