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Questions and Answers
Where does the conversion of lactic acid into glucose (glycogen synthesis) take place?
Which organs act as gluconeogenetic lactic acid producing organs?
What is the term used for the comprehensive study of glycomes that includes genetic, physiological, and pathological aspects?
Which type of chains encode biological information based on their constituent sugars, sequences, and linkages?
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What medical conditions indicate the need to investigate carbohydrate metabolism?
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Which enzyme deficiency is NOT associated with diseases related to carbohydrate metabolism mentioned in the text?
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What is necessary for determining fasting/basal blood glucose according to the text?
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Which method is NOT mentioned for determining blood glucose in the text?
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In which condition is hyperglycemia NOT observed according to the text?
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What does glycogen synthesis refer to in relation to blood glucose regulation?
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Which condition can lead to hypoglycemia based on the text?
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What is the primary function of the enzyme glucose oxidase mentioned in the text?
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In which conditions is ketonuria commonly found?
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What is the role of acetyl-coenzyme A in ketone body synthesis?
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When is the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) indicated?
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Which condition can be a consequence of insulin deficiency in diabetes?
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What is the main significance of peptide C in the body?
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Which physiological state is associated with a decrease in carbohydrate intake?
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Study Notes
Carbohydrate Metabolism
- Glycogen synthesis (conversion of lactic acid into glucose) takes place in the liver and muscles.
Gluconeogenetic Organs
- Liver and kidneys are gluconeogenetic organs that produce lactic acid.
Glycome Study
- Glycomics is the comprehensive study of glycomes that includes genetic, physiological, and pathological aspects.
Biological Information Encoding
- Polysaccharide chains encode biological information based on their constituent sugars, sequences, and linkages.
Medical Conditions and Carbohydrate Metabolism
- Medical conditions that indicate the need to investigate carbohydrate metabolism include diabetes, hypoglycemia, and hyperglycemia.
Enzyme Deficiencies
- Aldolase deficiency is NOT associated with diseases related to carbohydrate metabolism.
Blood Glucose Determination
- Fasting for at least 8 hours is necessary for determining fasting/basal blood glucose.
Blood Glucose Measurement Methods
- The text does not mention the radioisotopic method for determining blood glucose.
Hyperglycemia
- Hyperglycemia is NOT observed in starvation (fasting) according to the text.
Glycogen Synthesis and Blood Glucose Regulation
- Glycogen synthesis refers to the conversion of glucose into glycogen to regulate blood glucose levels.
Hypoglycemia
- Insulin overdose can lead to hypoglycemia.
Glucose Oxidase Function
- The primary function of glucose oxidase is to catalyze the oxidation of glucose to gluconic acid.
Ketonuria
- Ketonuria is commonly found in diabetic ketoacidosis, starvation, and high-fat diets.
Ketone Body Synthesis
- Acetyl-coenzyme A plays a crucial role in ketone body synthesis.
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT)
- The OGTT is indicated in suspected cases of diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance.
Insulin Deficiency and Diabetes
- Diabetic ketoacidosis can be a consequence of insulin deficiency in diabetes.
Peptide C Significance
- Peptide C is a marker of insulin secretion and is used to diagnose insulinoma.
Physiological State and Carbohydrate Intake
- The fasting state is associated with a decrease in carbohydrate intake.
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Description
Test your knowledge on ketone bodies, ketonuria, and their association with conditions like diabetes mellitus. Learn about the Legal test for detecting ketone bodies in urine and the physiological range of ketone bodies in the body.
