Ketoconazole Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What is the therapeutic class of Ketoconazole?

Antibiotic

Antifungal (correct)

Antiviral

Analgesic

What is the pharmacologic class of Ketoconazole?

Aminoglycoside

Macrolide

Steroid

Imidazole Derivative (correct)

What are the primary indications for Ketoconazole?

First choice for blastomycosis, histoplasmosis, paracoccidioidomycosis, and sporotrichosis; Second choice after amphotericin B for aspergillosis, candidiasis, and coccidioidomycosis.

How does Ketoconazole act on fungal cells?

It interferes with fungal cell wall synthesis by inhibiting formation of ergosterol and increasing cell wall permeability. Signup and view all the answers

What are common side effects of Ketoconazole?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What are notable adverse drug interactions with Ketoconazole?

Drugs metabolized by CYP3A4 and drugs that raise gastric pH. Signup and view all the answers

What patient teaching is advised for those taking Ketoconazole?

Wait at least 2 hours after dose before taking antacids or other medications that affect gastric pH, reassure that nausea is common, and report any cardiac problems. Signup and view all the answers

What nursing implications should be noted for Ketoconazole?

Monitor liver function and monitor drugs that are metabolized by CYP3A4. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Ketoconazole Overview

Therapeutic class: Antifungal, primarily used to treat various fungal infections.
Pharmacologic class: Imidazole derivative, affecting fungal metabolism and cell structure.

Indications

First-line treatment for:
- Blastomycosis
- Histoplasmosis
- Paracoccidioidomycosis
- Sporotrichosis
Second-line treatment (after amphotericin B) for:
- Aspergillosis
- Candidiasis
- Coccidioidomycosis

Mechanism of Action

Inhibits ergosterol synthesis, crucial for fungal cell membrane integrity.
Increased permeability of the cell wall leads to osmotic instability, resulting in fungal cell death.

Side Effects

Potential for serious side effects:
- Cardiac suppression
- Liver injury
- Common gastrointestinal upset, such as nausea

Adverse Drug Interactions

Inhibits CYP3A4 enzyme, affecting metabolism of co-administered drugs.
Antacids, anticholinergics, or H2 antagonists can reduce absorption if gastric pH is elevated.

Patient Education

Advise waiting at least 2 hours after dosing before taking antacids or similar drugs.
Nausea is a typical side effect and will usually improve over time.
Patients should be instructed to report any cardiac symptoms immediately.

Nursing Responsibilities

Regular monitoring of liver function tests is crucial to detect possible liver injury.
Keep track of medications metabolized by CYP3A4 to avoid harmful interactions.

Description

Test your knowledge of Ketoconazole with these flashcards! Covering therapeutic and pharmacologic classifications, indications, and actions, this quiz will help you understand this important antifungal medication. Perfect for students in pharmacology or healthcare-related fields.